International Workshop
The
Friday Afternoon
Table of Contents
Agenda
Introduction
Promoting
LTER in East Asia-Pacific Region/Hen-biau King
Abstracts
CERN: Annual Progress Report of CERN/OUYANG Zhu and ZHAO
Shidong
JERN & JaLTER:
Networking
Japanese Long-Term Research Sites/Kohsuke Homma, Naoko Tokuchi
and Hideaki Shibata
K-LTER Network: Activities in Korean
LTER Sites/Joon Hwan Shin, Jong-hwan Lim, Jeong Soo Oh1, Dowon Lee, Do-Soon Cho,
Byung-Sun Ihm4 and Eun-Shik Kim
M-LTER Network: Hovsgol LTER/J. Tsogtbaatar
and
TERN: Recent activities in Taiwan LTER sites/Yau-Lun
Kuo
Special Reports
The VIII Seoul INTECOL International Congress of
Ecology and Subsequent Progresses in LTER and the National Basic Ecological
Research in Korea/ Eun-Shik
Kim, Byung-Sun Ihm, Dowon Lee, Yowhan Son, and Sun-Kee Hong
Abstracts for Submitted Posters
Study
canopy arthropod responses to storm disturbances at the
Database Management
System for LTER Sites in Taiwan/Chaur-Tzuhn Chen
Relationships
between nutrient content of dominant tree species and environmental factors in Nanjenshan subtropical
Web
Services for Computational EcologyTony Fountain and Longjiang Ding
Soil macro-fauna
increases mite density in a subtropical lowland
Experimental
assessment of toads as predators of detrial food webs
in a subtropical monsoon forest, Taiwan/Ping-Chun Lucy Hou,
Ching-Yu Huang, Jao-Jinn Jong, and Hsin-Lin Wei
25-ha
Growth
Strategies of Four salt marsh plants on Mankyung
Estuary, Korea/Byung-Sun, Ihm and Jeom-Sook, Lee
Parameterizing
threshold values when leaf area indices are estimated from hemispheric digital
images/Kyounghee Kim, Taehee
Hwang, Jiyeon Kim, and Dowon Lee
Impact
of frugivores on plant regeneration and forest
structure/Ling-ling
Lee
Agenda
Organizers:
Hen-biau King and Eun-Shik Kim
Title:
International Workshop on Promoting LTER in the East Asia-Pacific Region
Keywords:
International networks, East Asia-Pacific region, LTER
1:40 - 3:10 Country Site Reports
(10 8-min presentations, total 8 formally established Networks: Chair (Hen-biau
King), Australia, China, China-Taipei, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Philippines,
Thailand LTER sites, and 1 LTER Network is coming: Vietnam LTER site)
Peter Arzberger
David Coleman
Alan
Covich
Steve Hamberg
Eun-Shik Kim
Hen-biau
King
Frances Li
Pang-Fang
Lin
Others
Promoting LTER
in East Asia-Pacific Region
Hen-biau King
Chair, The
East Asia-Pacific
Regional LTER Network
Recent
demographic, political, economic, and environmental trends in
Under
the ILTER framework, two members have officially established the LTER sites in
the region since the last ILTER ASM in August 2000. These are Korea LTER
Network with 4 sites and Mongolia LTER Network with 2 sites. There are additional
countries, including
There
is a cross regional site comparison study currently undergoing entitled
“organic matter decomposition experiment (OMDE),” which involves 10 sites
ranging from Lake Hosgvol site in Mongolia to semidry
ecosystems in Australia. An OMDE workshop, jointly sponsored by the ILTER
Network Office and local host TERN Network, was held at the Fu-shan TERN site in November, 2001 to discuss the research on
decomposition and protocols for conducting this ambitious broad spatial scale
collaborative study. The organic matter decomposition experiment is planned to
be carried out as a five-year study.
This
workshop of promoting LTER in the East Asia-Pacific region will begin with a
review of past and current LTER studies within the region and then focus on
promoting more collaborative projects within the region and beyond. Emphasis
will be placed on the design of and effectively conducting regional ecological
studies. A discussion of future proposed regional activities, funding sources,
and priorities for the EAP will be held.
Recent
activities in Taiwan Ecological
Research Network
Yau-Lun
Kuo
Department
of Forestry,
The
Taiwan Long Term Ecological Research Network (TERN) was established in 1992
with main sponsorship from Taiwan National Science Council (NSC). A research site was set up at
JERN & JaLTER
- Networking Japanese Long-Term Research
Sites-
Kohsuke
Homma (Field Center for Sustainable Agriculture and Forestry, Niigata University),
Naoko Tokuchi (Field Science Education and Research
Center, Kyoto University) and Hideaki Shibata (Field Science Center for
Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University)
Long-term researches in
In 1997, some scientists launched a
technical committee for LTER in the Ecological Society of Japan (ESJ) and
started to examine domestic LTER network. In 1997 and 1999, young scientists
were dispatched to US-LTER sites to study LTER systems. After that, moved by
the efficient system of US, the young scientists published reports on some
journals (Homma 2001, Tanaka 2001 etc.) and hold some symposia in the annual
meeting of ESJ and Japanese Forestry Society (JFS) to spread the LTER
recognition. As a consequence of those movements, Japan Ecosystem Research
Network (JERN) was founded in June 2003, and the program ‘JaLTER’
started for promoting Japanese LTER network.
JaLTER is
going to launch the inter-site networks with a virtual network office till the
end of 2004. At first, JaLTER networks 5 to 10
university forests and governmental forest reserves as a ‘core research site
network’, and will connect other research sites successively for inter-site
studies. Study sites for limnology and marine biology are going to be networked
later.
Core research subjects of JaLTER are; 1) plant community dynamics, 2) matter flow, 3)
microclimate, 4) hydrological dynamics, 5) plant-animal interaction, 6)
informatics, 7) inventories of biodiversity and 8) educations. Every core
research theme is planned considering inter-site studies and international
networking in Asia-Pacific region.
Joon Hwan Shin1, Jong-hwan Lim1, Jeong Soo Oh1, Dowon
Lee2, Do-Soon Cho3, Byung-Sun Ihm4, and Eun-Shik Kim5
1Department of Forest
Environment, Korea Forest Research Institute; 2Graduate School of
Environmental Studies, Seoul National University; 3School
of Life Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea; 4Department
of Biology, Mokpo National University ; 5Department
of Forest Resources, Kookmin University
Currently, three sites have been
registered in ILTER, and an additional one is in the process of registration. Korea
Forest Research Institute (KFRI) is in charge of all the sites. The Gwangneung Experiment Forest (GEF) represents the oldest natural forest in
the central sub-zone of the cool temperate forest zone.
KFRI is considering the establishment
of the fifth LTER site in Jeju-do island
that is located at the southernmost of the Korean peninsula. The Ecological
Society of Korea will launch four additional LTER programs at the
Remarks: We have
modified the old site names of Kwangneung, Kyebangsan, and Keumsan, as new
site names of Gwangneung, Gyebangsan
and Geumsan, respectively.
This paper presents the
Long Term Ecological and Biodiversity Research in
LONG-TERM
ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN
Yongyut Trisurat
Faculty
of Forestry,
The
Peter Arzberger and Philip Papadopoulos
The
Pacific Rim Application and Grid Middleware Assembly (PRAGMA) was initiated in
2002 involving more than a dozen institutions along the Pacific Rim, with a
dual mission to build sustainable collaborations and to advance the use of grid
technologies via applications. Activities include conducting joint projects
that develop grid software driven by application needs, sharing resources
across institutional and international boundaries, developing training and exchange
programs, and communicating and disseminating the results of these efforts.
PRAGMA works with regional and international bodies that set standards (such as
the Global Grid Forum (GGF)) and enhance the overall infrastructure such as
Asia Pacific Advanced Network (APAN), the Asia Pacific Grid (ApGrid)). We will review the trends that led to PRAGMA and
outline some future directions. In particular we will focus on activities in
the area of eco-informatics, where we are developing a testbed
of climate data, working with colleagues in
The VIII
1Eun-Shik
Kim, 2Byung-Sun Ihm, 3Dowon Lee, 4Yowhan Son,
and 3Sun-Kee Hong
The VIII INTECOL International Congress of Ecology was
held during the period of
Study
canopy arthropod responses to storm disturbances at the
Dr. Jung-Tai Chao
Division of Forest Protection, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute,
The current study attempts to compare arthropod fauna among
Database Management System for LTER Sites in
Chaur-Tzuhn Chen
Department
of Forestry,
The focus of remote sensing and GIS
activities within LTER is for data acquisition and encouraging cross-site,
large-scale collaborations. More important is the aim to link technically
oriented scientists specializing in these data with other ecological
researchers. Our ongoing three-year study was conducted to establish a
landscape database and land-use change for
In the
future, this program will continue to grow to include internet infrastructure,
geographic spatial information and a relational database approach to maintain
and develop the Taiwan LTER NIS. We will use questionnaires and organize
workshops in our approach to establish intercomparable data for storage and
access from a central location. We also will use existing data to filter and
retrieve the data for various scientific communities. During the third year, we
will begin to interpret the information to apply our ecological data to broader
communities. The development of Taiwan LTER NIS can achieve the goals of
communications and data sharing among research sites and will incorporate the
growing availability of internet tools. This project has had a significant role
in catalyzing the vision of an expanded, more integrated network-level
information system, and the process of providing information and knowledge
within our immediate scientific community and to the broader community is an
important aspect of
Relationships between nutrient content of dominant tree species and
environmental factors in Nanjenshan subtropical
Zueng-Sang Chen, Cha-Chee Wu,
Chun-Chih Tsui, and
Chang-Fu Hseih
About one hectare of permanent long landscape site
located in the northeastern of Nanjenshan long-term
ecology research (LTER) site has been established since 1994 and the detail
soil characteristics and vegetation species are also surveyed. The vegetation
types of the site were divided into three groups and the landscape was divided
into four positions including summit, upper backslope,
lower backslope, and footslope.
The objectives of this study is to establish the relations between nutrient
concentration (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) of leaves and perennial
parts of 20 dominant tree species and environmental factors (landscape position
and soil properties) by redundancy analysis. The results indicated that the
concentration of the macroelement including N, P, K,
Ca, and Mg are significantly accumulated in the leaves of dominant tree species
growing in the footslope position (p< 0.05), but
the concentration of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn of leaves are not significantly
different for vegetations located in different landscapes. The first axis of
Redundancy analysis (RDA) biplots can explain 56% of
total variants and the first two axes of RDA can explain 85% of total variants.
It indicated that environmental factors including topographic variables and
soil properties could control the distribution and variation of elements in the
vegetation. The nutrient concentration in leaves of vegetations are
significantly affected by the environmental factors including landscape
position, elevation, slope and the available content of N, P, K in surface 5cm
soil, but the nutrient concentration of perennial parts of vegetations are not
significantly affected by the environmental factors. This research indicated
that the nutrient concentration of dominant tree species were interactively
affected by species characteristics and the environmental factors including
landscape position, vegetation species and soil properties.
Web Services for Computational Ecology
Tony Fountain and Longjiang Ding
The
maturation of web services technology has provided new opportunities for
building information management and analysis infrastructure and tools for
ecologists. We have explored the web services technology through the I2G
(International Information Grid for Ecology and the Environment) project which
demonstrates a web services prototype for federating LTER Network climate data
collections and PRAGMA international partner weather data collections.
The developed services are standard
SOAP-based message type services and relay on an open source software stack
including Apache Tomcat and AXIS. They are integrated with EML and wrapped in a
simple application portal that provides a testbed for
exploring a variety of issues in web service development and deployment.
In addition to these development activities we have initiated a technology
transfer initiative to move these developments out to the LTER Network sites
and PRAGMA partners. The I2G project originally focused on ClimDB and came out of the discussions with LTER Information
Managers Executive on Feb. 2002. Climate data was one of the two key types of
data to be collected by all LTER Network sites. In this presentation we will
review the issues encountered during this project, both system development and
technology transfer, and highlight future directions and opportunities.
Soil
macro-fauna increases mite density in a subtropical lowland
Ping-Chun Lucy Hou and Ching-Yu Huang
Department of
Biology,
Soil macro-fauna include invertebrate
predators, which prey on micro-arthropods (collembolans and mites), and detritivores that break up leaf litter. While the predators can potentially decrease
the abundance of soil micro-arthropods, the fragmenters
may enhance the growth of soil micro-arthropods by making their food
available. This study investigated the
relationship between soil macro-invertebrate and micro-arthropods by using
litterbags of different mesh size (0.1 mm - 1.0 mm - 3.5 mm) in Nanjenshan
forest,
Experimental
assessment of toads as predators of detrial food webs
in a subtropical monsoon forest, Taiwan
Department of Biology,
Ground-dwelling
amphibians in forests are predators of many litter invertebrates, which are
members of detrital food webs. Recent studies have shown that forest
amphibians can decrease the density of their preys, slow down the rate of litter
decomposition, and increase the amount of nutrients available for microbes and
plants. The toad, Bufo
bankorensis, is an active forager and one of the
dominant litter amphibians in Nanjenshan subtropical
monsoon forest, an LTER site in
25-ha
Hsieh
Chang-Fu1 and Wen-Liang Chiou2
The Fushan 25-ha long-term plot is being established in a subtropical
rain forest in Fushan LTER site in northern Taiwan,
as a collaborative project involving Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taiwan
Forestry Bureau, National Taiwan University and the Center for Tropical Forest
Science (CTFS) of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. The first year
of the project has been supported financially by Taiwan Forestry Research
Institute and Taiwan Forestry Bureau. Plot survey was initiated in July 2002
and completed in June 2003. One team of 18 students from universities and 6
staff from the above mentioned forestry agencies is
currently conducting the first census of the trees in the plot. This plot will
be a unique addition to the CTFS Network of Forest Dynamics Plots, as it is the
first large plot in subtropical bioclimatic zone. It is also the fourth LTER
site within the CTFS network. A unifying research tool shared by all CTFS
research sites is the Forest Dynamics Plot. These are large, permanent forest
demographic plots situated in natural forests. All trees with dbh≧1
cm are mapped, identified and monitored. An initial census and periodic recensused yield long-term information on species growth,
mortality, regeneration, distribution, and productivity in relation to
topography, soils, climate, hydrology, and biotic factors.
The
Fushan plot (24ş45'40''N, 121ş33'31'') is located on an uplifted ancient riverbed
and is within a lowland evergreen wet forest which receives an average annual
rainfall of 4225 mm (1993-2000) with no dry months. The mean annual temperature
is 18.2˚C, with relative humidity of 95%. The plot measures 500 m
north-south by 500 m east-west, and was divided into 625 20 m × 20 m quadrats. The
elevation in the plot ranges from 650 m to 733 m above sea level. The plot is
surrounded by a continuous primary or old-growth broad-leaved forest that is
over 150,000 ha in extent. A preliminary inventory enumerated at least 261
species consisting of 75 tree species, 37 shrubs, 30 climbers and 119 herbs. The
most species-rich families are Rubiaceae, Lauraceae, Fagaceae, and Myrsinaceae. The
plot is very characteristic of dense understory and abundant ferns and orchids. The first census is estimated to take two
years. Other field work carried out this year includes study of seed and
seedling dynamics. Following the methodology developed for the seed-trap study
within the BCI and Pasoh plots, a total of 80 traps
were placed inside the Fushan plot. In addition, 120
small seedling plots were established. The traps and plots cover the hill and
flat riverbed, the two major habitats inside the plot. The traps are emptied
every week. The material was dried, separated and stored for further analysis.
Growth
Strategies of Four salt marsh plants on Mankyung
Estuary, Korea
Byung-Sun,
Ihm (Department of Biology,
The emergence of seedling , the length of root and shoot, and the biomass of
four dominant species were measured as well as shore height to investigate
their growth strategy on the salt marsh of Mankyung
river Estuary in
Parameterizing threshold
values when leaf area indices are estimated from hemispheric digital images
Kyounghee
Kim, Taehee Hwang, Jiyeon
Kim, and Dowon Lee
Environmental Planning Institute,
Leaf area index is a
promising parameter that may show comparative characteristics of ILTER sites on
the global scale. When LAI is measured at a forest ecosystem, LI-COR LAI-2000
is frequently used but relatively expensive and requires open space to measure
reference solar radiation. Alternatively, some forest scientists prefer a
multi-purposes, consumer-grade digital camera that provides an upward-looking
view of forest canopy. Unlike LAI-2000, it is cheap, handy and captures digital
images directly. However, little is known about their processing with HemiView software (Canopy analysis software ver.2.1,
Delta-T Ltd.) that is necessary to analyze digital canopy images. HemiView software adopts a threshold method in
distinguishing canopy opening from foliage. The method
is concerned with a problem as LAI estimates depend on threshold values, which
are inputted based on researcher's experience. Hence, we examined an approach
to solve the problem. First, we obtained hemispheric digital images
(Nikon Coolpix 900 with LC-ER1 fisheye) and LAI
values using LAI-2000 at a KLTER site (
Impact
of frugivores on plant regeneration and forest
structure
Impact of animal seed dispersal on plant regeneration and forest
structure has been a major research topic in recent studies of plant-animal
interaction. Results of such studies may have important implication in
answering questions such as why tropical rainforest are so diverse, and how
animals may contribute to regeneration in logged or fragmented forests.
Different animal species may have different impact on seed dispersal, depending
on their foraging and ranging behavior, methods of handling seeds, feeding and
dispersal efficiency, time and stability of presence and abundance, etc. Our
studies at Fushan LTER site confirmed that, although
birds may play an important role in dispersing small seeds of certain plant
species, the Formosan macaques (Macaca cyclopis) are more important in affecting dispersal of
large seeds of most dominant tree species due to its diverse diet, large body
size, greater volume of fruit consumption, and abundance. They are able to
carry large quantities of seeds away from the mother plants to anywhere in
their home range with their cheek pouches and guts. Most of the seeds they spat
out or in their faeces have better germination rates
than intact seeds. However, it is unclear whether the locations, spatial
distribution and densities of seeds dispersed by the macaques will affect the
survival and germination of seeds and the growth of seedlings. Furthermore, it
is unclear whether secondary dispersal by secondary seed dispersers, such as
rodents and dung beetles is significant enough in affecting the locations,
spatial distribution and densities of seeds, thus the survival and germination
of seeds and the growth of seedlings. Comparative studies in other types of
forests with different dominant frugivore species and
better linkage with vegetation studies are needed to fully evaluate the role of
animal frugivory in affecting forest structure and
regeneration.
Kwang-Tsao Shao1 and Hsing-Juh Lin2
1Institute of Zoology,
Academia Sinica,
Coral reef ecosystem is
one of the most diverse systems on Earth. The coral reefs at
Participants List
Tieqing Huang
Office of Leading Group of CERN
Tel: +86-10-68597540
Fax: +86-10-68597583
Email: tqhuang@cashq.ac.cn
Zhu Ouyang
Chinese Ecosystem Research Network
Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources
Research
Tel: +86-10-64856514
Fax: +86-10-64856514
Email: ouz@igsnrr.ac.cn
Guirui Yu
Institute of Geographic Science
and Natural
Resources Research
Tel: +86 10 64889432
Fax: +86 10 64889399
Email: yuguirui@cern.ac.cn
Shidong Zhao
Scientific Committee of CERN
Institute of Geographic Science
and Natural
Resources Research
Tel: +86 10 64889812
Fax: +86 10 64889399
Email: zhaosd@cern.ac.cn
China-Taipei
Jung-Tai Chao
Division of
Taiwan Forestry Research Institute
Tel:886-2-2303-9978
ext. 2509
Fax: 886-2-2309-1846
Chaur-Tzuhn Chen
of Science
& Technology
Tel: 886-8-774-0301
Fax: 886-8-774-0134
Zueng-Sang Chen
Department of Agricultural Chemistry
Tel:
886-2-2236-0231 ext 2495
Fax: 886-2-2392-4335
Wen-Liang Chiou
Division of
Taiwan Forestry Research Institute
Tel: 886-2-2303-9978 ext. 2509
Fax: 886-2-2307-6220
Ping-Chun Lucy Hou
Department of Biology
Tel:886-6-2757575
ext 65546
Fax: 886-6-208-2391
Hen-biau
King
Taiwan
Forestry Research Institute
Tel:
886-2 2303-9978 x1205
Fax:
886 2 2375-2164
hbking@serv.tfri.gov.tw
Yau-Lun Kuo
Department of Forestry
of Science and
Technology
Tel: 08-7740282
Fax: 08-7740346
E-mail: ylkuo@mail.npust.edu.tw
Ling-Ling Lee
Department of Zoology
Tel: 886-2-2363-2031 ext 2125
Fax: 886-2-2363-4606
Fang-Pang Lin
Manager of Grid Computing
Performance
Computing
Emial: d00swh00@nchc.org.tw
Tel: +886-3-5776085 ext. 370
Fax: +886-3-5773538
Hsing-Juh Lin
The
Tel: 886-4-22840416 ext 602
Fax: 886-4-22874740
Kuo-chuan Lin
Division
of Silviculture
Taiwan Forestry Research Institute
Tel: 886-2-2303-9978 ext 1504
Fax: 886-2389-5531
Kohsuke Honma
homma-k@f2.dion.ne.jp
Hiromitsu Kamauchi
Akiko Ogawa
Research Institute for Nature
and Humanity
akogawa@chikyu.ac.jp
Yoshinobu Sato
sato@forest.kyushu-u.ac.jp
Hideaki Shibata
shiba@exfor.agr.hokudai.ac.jp
Naoko Tokuchi
tokuchi@kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Do-Soon Cho
Visiting Scientist
Email: dscho@catholic.ac.kr or
dosoon@ualberta.ca
Phone: +1 (780) 492-3739
(day),
+1 (780) 430-1049 (night)
Fax: +1 (780) 492-4323
Department of Renewable
Resources
Byung-Sun Ihm
Email: ihmbs@mokpo.ac.kr
Phone: +82-61-450 2343
Fax
: +82 61 454 0267
Department of Biology
Eun-Shik Kim
Email: kimeuns@kookmin.ac.kr
Phone: +82 2 910 4814
Fax
: +82 2 910 4809
Department of Forest Resources
Dowon Lee
Email: leedw@snu.ac.kr
Phone: +82 2 880 5650
Fax: +82 2 871 8847
Jong-Hwan
Lim
Email: limjh@foa.go.kr
Phone: +82-2-961-2542
Fax: +82-2-961-2543
Division of
Department of Forest Environment
Korea Forest Research Institute
Joon
Hwan Shin
Email: kecology@chol.com
Phone number: +82-2-961-2541
Fax number: +82-2-961-2543
Director of Division of
Department of Forest
Environment
Korea Forest Research
Institute
J. Tsogtbaatar
GeoEcology
Institute,
Email: geoeco@magicnet.mn
Phone: + 976-99118203
+ 976-11-321862
Yongyut Trisurat
Faculty of Forestry
Email: fforyyt@ku.ac.th
Victor Amoroso
Musuan, Bukidnon
Peter Arzberger
Email: parzberg@ucsd.edu
Tel: +1 858-822-1079
Fax: +1 858-822-4767
Alan Covich
Email: alanc@uga.edu
Steve Hamburg
Email: Steven_Hamburg@Brown.EDU