<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jimenez, J. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wieski, Kazimierz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marczak, Laurie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ho, Chuan-Kai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pennings, Steven C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of an omnivorous katydid, salinity, and nutrients on a planthopper-Spartina food web</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estuaries and Coasts</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GCE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">475-485</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Top</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2012-93225</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wieski, Kazimierz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guo, Hongyu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Craft, Christopher B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pennings, Steven C.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystem functions of tidal fresh, brackish and salt marshes on the Georgia coast</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Estuaries and Coasts</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GCE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/content/1207kq6120636357/</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">33</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">161-169</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">We examined patterns of habitat function (plant species richness), productivity (plant aboveground biomass and total C), and nutrient stocks (N and P in aboveground plant biomass and soil) in tidal marshes of the Satilla, Altamaha, and Ogeechee Estuaries in Georgia, USA. We worked at two sites within each salinity zone (fresh, brackish, and saline) in each estuary, sampling a transect from the creekbank to the marsh platform. In total, 110 plant species were found. Site-scale and plot-scale species richness decreased from fresh to saline sites. Standing crop biomass and total carbon stocks were greatest at brackish sites, followed by freshwater then saline sites. Nitrogen stocks in plants and soil decreased across sites as salinity increased, while phosphorus stocks did not differ between fresh and brackish sites but were lowest at salty sites. These results generally support past speculation about ecosystem change across the estuarine gradient, emphasizing that ecosystem function in tidal wetlands changes sharply across the relatively short horizontal distance of the estuary. Changes in plant distribution patterns driven by global changes such as sea level rise, changing climates, or fresh water withdrawal are likely to have strong impacts on a variety of wetland functions and services.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2010-93293</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ewers, Christine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beiersdorf, Anika</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wieski, Kazimierz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pennings, Steven C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zimmer, Martin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intra-guild predator/prey-interactions promote decomposition of low-quality detritus in a saltmarsh system</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GCE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intra-guild facilitation among detritivores is expected to promote decomposition processes. On the other hand, intra-guild predation of omnivorous predators on detritivores will reduce detritivore-mediated decomposition rates. To this end, it is surprising that relatively little attention has thus far been paid to omnivorous detritivores that also prey on other detritivores. We investigated the spatial subsidy of litter with a terrestrial origin provided by trees located on the terrestrial fringe of saltmarshes, and how its decomposition is affected by intra-guild interactions of detritivorous snails and omnivorous crabs. In field mesocosms, we studied whether decomposition of leaf and needle litter of live oak (Quercus virginiana) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) was affected by saltmarsh detritivores (Gastropoda: Littoraria irrorata and Melampus bidentatus) and predacious omnivores (Decapoda: Armases cinereum). Both crabs and snails alone increased decomposition (mass loss) rates of oak litter, while a combination of both resulted in the same mass loss as in animal-free controls, probably due to crabs feeding on snails rather than litter. Neither crabs nor snails alone affected mass loss of pine litter, but a combination of both significantly increased decomposition rates. Irrespective of the litter type, crabs increased mortality of the snails but gained biomass only on pine litter and only when detritivorous snails were present. Our findings indicate that detritivorous prey organisms (snails) increase the nutritive value of a terrestrial food source (pine litter) to the omnivorous saltmarsh crab Armases. Unidirectional facilitation of crabs by snails promotes the decomposition of this low-quality litter. On a terrestrial food source of intermediate quality (oak litter), negative effects of the predator prevail, resulting in a drop of decomposition rates when crabs were present, probably owing to increased mortality of detritivorous snails.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2009-93305</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pennings, Steven C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ho, Chuan-Kai</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salgado, Cristiano S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wieski, Kazimierz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dav</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kunza, Amy E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wason, Elizabeth L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Latitudinal variation in herbivore pressure in Atlantic Coast salt marshes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GCE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.esajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1890/08-0222.1</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">90</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">183-195</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Despite long-standing interest in latitudinal variation in ecological patterns and processes, there is to date weak and conflicting evidence that herbivore pressure varies with latitude. We used three approaches to examine latitudinal variation in herbivore pressure in Atlantic Coast salt marshes, focusing on five abundant plant taxa: the grass Spartina alterniflora, the congeneric rushes Juncus gerardii and J. roemerianus, the forb Solidago sempervirens, and the shrubs Iva frutescens and Baccharis halimifolia. Herbivore counts indicated that chewing and gall-making herbivores were typically &amp;#8805;10 times more abundant at low-latitude sites than at high-latitude sites, but sucking herbivores did not show a clear pattern. For two herbivore taxa (snails and tettigoniid grasshoppers), correctly interpreting latitudinal patterns required an understanding of the feeding ecology of the species, because the species common at high latitudes did not feed heavily on plant leaves whereas the related species common at low latitudes did. Damage to plants from chewing herbivores was 2-10 times greater at low-latitude sites than at high-latitude sites. Damage to transplanted &quot;phytometer&quot; plants was 100 times greater for plants transplanted to low- than to high-latitude sites, and two to three times greater for plants originating from high- vs. low-latitude sites. Taken together, these results provide compelling evidence that pressure from chewing and gall-making herbivores is greater at low vs. high latitudes in Atlantic Coast salt marshes. Sucking herbivores do not show this pattern and deserve greater study. Selective pressure due to greater herbivore damage at low latitudes is likely to partially explain documented patterns of low plant palatability to chewing herbivores and greater plant defenses at low latitudes, but other factors may also play a role in mediating these geographic patterns.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2009-93320</style></accession-num></record></records></xml>