<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomsen, Mads S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silliman, Brian R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wernberg, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Engelen, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuya, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vanderklift, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holmer, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McGlathery, K. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arenas, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kotta, J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Impacts of seaweeds on seagrasses: generalities and knowledge gaps</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLoS ONE</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VCR</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e28595</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2012-87130</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomsen, Mads S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wernberg, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olecki, Paula</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Griffin, John</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silliman, Brian R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A framework to study the context-dependent impacts of marine invasions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GCE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022098111000815</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">400</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">322-327</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The ecological impacts of marine invasive species vary according to the spatial and temporal scale of analysis, thereby challenging the extraction of generalities about underlying mechanisms. Here, we applied a broad impact framework that addresses this scale-dependency, to test if general drivers of impacts can be identified and quantified from marine invasion experiments. This framework explains variability in impacts according to the unique (specific) and universal (general) attributes of the (1) invasive organism, (2) resident biota, (3) resource levels, and (4) abiotic conditions. In this framework, unique and universal attributes encompass the properties that are either ecologically relevant to only a few specific invasions (e.g. a unique toxin) or to most invasions (e.g. invader density, size, age or longevity), respectively. We reviewed 88 published marine invasion impact experiments, where 18 tested for effects of universal and 11 for unique attributes of the invasive organism (63 tested for presence.absence effects, where these attributes are confounded). A meta-analysis confirmed that the species identity and density (representing a unique and universal attribute, respectively) of the invader significantly predicted impacts. These attributes should, therefore, whenever possible, be treated as separate impact-modifiers. By contrast, very few experiments have tested if universal or unique attributes of the resident biota, the resource levels or the abiotic conditions modify invasion impact. This highlights a major research gap; quantitative syntheses cannot be undertaken until more factorial experiments have manipulated the invasive species and habitat-associated drivers in concert (with .2 treatments per test factor). In conclusion, to facilitate a broader understanding of marine invasion impacts, we advocate that universal and unique impact-components, whenever possible, are treated as separate test entities that should be examined for each of the four impact drivers.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2011-93261</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomsen, Mads S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wernberg, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alteiri, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuya, Fernando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gulbransen, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McGlathery, Karen J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holmer, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silliman, Brian R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Habitat cascades: the conceptual context and global relevance of facilitation cascades via habitat formation and modification.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Integrative and Comparative Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GCE</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">VCR</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/content/50/2/158.short</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">50</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">158-175</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The importance of positive interactions is increasingly acknowledged in contemporary ecology. Most research has focused on direct positive effects of one species on another. However, there is recent evidence that indirect positive effects in the form of facilitation cascades can also structure species abundances and biodiversity. Here we conceptualize a specific type of facilitation cascade</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2010-93291</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomsen, Mads S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wernberg, T</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tuya, Fernando</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silliman, Brian R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evidence for impacts of non-indigenous macroalgae: a meta-analysis of experimental field studies</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Phycology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GCE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00709.x/pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">812-819</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Invasions by nonindigenous macroalgal species (NIMS) potentially cause severe impacts on native species. We conducted a meta-analysis of 18 field-based manipulative experiments to quantify the direction and magnitude of impacts (Hedges effect size d, hereafter ES). We found significant small-to-medium negative effects on</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2009-93332</style></accession-num></record></records></xml>