<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rango, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ritchie, J.C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmugge, T. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kustas, W. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chopping, M. J.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applications of Remotely Sensed Data from the Jornada Basin</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem: The Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research Site</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliography/06-066.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford University Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York, NY</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">305-320</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The JER and CDRRC have many similarities to other arid rangelands around the world.  They are remote with few measurements possible over vast areas.  However, like other rangelands, little application of remote sensing data for measurement and monitoring has taken place.  Although remote sensing data in the form of aerial photographs were acquired as far back as 1935 over portions of the Jornada Basin, little reliance was placed on these data.  With the launch of Earth resources satellites in 1972, a variety of sensors could be used to collect remote sensing data from different platforms, including ground-based towers and hand-held approaches, low-altitude aircraft, high-altitude aircraft and satellites with various resolutions (now as good as 0.61 m) and spectral capabilities.  The multispectral, multispatial and multitemporal remote-sensing approach would be ideal for extrapolating ground-based point-and-plot knowledge to large areas or landscape units. The JORNada EXperiment (JORNEX) is designed to acquire a long-term remote-sensing dataset that can be used in concert with the more conventional Jornada Basin LTER long-term data to provide more comprehensive knowledge of rangeland conditions across the landscape.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2006-90489</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abrahams, A. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neave, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wainwright, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Howes, D.A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Parsons, A.J.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biogeochemical fluxes across piedmont slopes of the Jornada Basin</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem. The Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research Site</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliography/06-058.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford University Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">150-175</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This chapter is an overview of recent studies of the movement of water, sediment, and nutrients across a principle piedmont slope, or bajada, of the Jornada Basin. Bajadas are extensive, gently sloping surfaces formed by the coalescence of alluvial fans and are a major landscape component of the basin and range province. During the past four decades a considerable body of research has elucidated the form and function of alluvial fans (Bull 1977; Blair and McPherson 1994; Harvey 1997), but less attention has been paid to bajadas. In particular, the bajadas most neglected are those where channels converge and diverge at irregular intervals downslope. This type of bajada is found at the base of Summerford Mountain, the northernmost peak of the Dona Ana Mountains on the western edge of the Jornada Basin. For convenience, this bajada is hereafter referred to as the Summerford bajada. The research has involved rainfall simulation experiments on small plots, monitoring of two small watersheds on this bajada, and computer modeling of the processes operating in these watersheds and over the bajada as a whole. A detailed understanding of the hydrology and hydraulics of overland flow on this bajada requires a numerical model of the rainfall-runoff process. The objective of this chapter is to detail the model and draw conclusions from model simulations about hydrologic transports of sediment and nutrients across this bajada. Since these piedmonts are important surfaces in this desert an understanding of their hydrologic and biogeochemical dynamics is crucial to understanding landscape dynamics in the basin and throughout arid regions.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2006-90490</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whitford, W. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bestelmeyer, BT</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chihuahuan Desert Fauna: Effects on Ecosystem Properties and Processes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem: The Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research Site</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliography/06-063.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford University Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York, NY</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">247-265</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This chapter addresses the direct and indirect effects of animals on ecosystem processes and/or their effects on ecosystem properties. This has been the primary focus of animal studies on the Jornada Experimental Range (JER) and the Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC) during the twentieth century. Early studies dealt with animal species that were thought to reduce the amount of primary production that was available to support livestock. With the establishment of the International Biological Programme (IBP) in the late 1960s and its premise that ecosystems could be modeled based on the energy flow conceptual model, animal studies were designed to measure energy flow through consumer populations. Those studies yielded estimates of consumption of live plant biomass between 1 and 10% of the annual net primary production. It was concluded that, in most ecosystems, consumers process only a small fraction of the net primary production as live plant material and consumers play important roles in ecosystems as regulators of ecosystem processes and a less important role in energy flow. This hypothesis has been the focus of animal studies in the Jornada Basin for nearly 30 years. Studies of animals as regulators of ecosystem processes led to the expansion of this hypothesis to include the effects of animals on ecosystem properties. Expanding the spatial scale of studies from the patch to the watershed and landscape engendered hypotheses that animals have an effect on processes at those scales because of animal activities that affect redistribution of soil and organic matter.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2006-90491</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wainwright, J.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Climate and climatological variations in the Jornada Basin</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem.  The Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research Site</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliography/06-054.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford University Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York, NY</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44-80</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purpose of this chapter is to review the climatic data for the Jornada Basin over the period for which instrumental records exist. Over this time period, up to 83 years in the case of Jornada Experimental Range, we can deduce both the long-term mean characteristics and variability on a range of different spatial and temporal scales. Short-term variability is seen in individual rainstorms, whereas longer-term patterns are controlled spatially by factors such as large-scale circulation patterns and basin and regional orography and temporally by the large-scale fluctuations in atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns. Variability can have significant impacts on the biogeography of a region or on its geomorphic processes, which may set in motion a series of feedbacks, most importantly those referring to desertification. Understanding the frequency and magnitude of such variability is therefore fundamental in explaining the observed landscape changes in areas such as the Jornada Basin.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2006-90492</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gillette, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monger, C.H.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eolian processes across the Jornada basin</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem. The Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research Site</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliography/06-060.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford University Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">189-210</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In arid and semiarid lands, soil erosion by wind is an important process that affects both the surface features and the biological potential of the ecosystem. The eolian flux of soil nutrients into or out of an ecosystem results in enrichment or impoverishment of its biological potential. In the Jornada Basin, wind erosion is the only significant mechanism for the net loss of soil materials because fluvial processes do not remove materials from the basin. Vigorous wind erosion leads to topographic changes, altering the growing conditions for plants and animals. Examples of such changes in topography are the formation of sand dunes or the removal of whole soil horizons. Our goal in this chapter is to describe the construction of a mathematical model for wind erosion and dust production for the Jornada Basin. The model attempts to answer the following questions:1. Which soils are affected by wind erosion?2. How does wind erosion occur on Jornada soils?3. Does changing vegetation cover lead to a change in the source/sink relationship? 4. Is the Jornada a source or sink of eolian materials? If it is a source, what materials are lost?5. How does wind erosion change the soil-forming process?</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2006-90493</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peters, D.C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yao, J</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huenneke, L.F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Havstad, KM</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herrick, J. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rango, A</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Framework and Methods for Simplifying Complex Landscapes to Reduce Uncertainty in Predictions</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scaling and Uncertainty Analysis in Ecology: Methods and Applications</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliography/06-051.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer, Dordrecht</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Netherlands</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">131-146</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Extrapolation of information from sites to landscapes or regions is especially problematic in spatially and temporally heterogeneous ecosystems.  Although linear extrapolations are the easiest and most cost-effective, other approaches are necessary when spatial location and contagious or neighborhood processes are important.  Because landscape and regions consist of a mosaic of sites differing in spatial heterogeneity and degree of connectedness, we expect a combination of scaling approaches is needed to characterize these areas.  Our goal was to develop a conceptual framework and operational approach to simplifying complex landscapes in order to minimize uncertainty in predictions.  We illustrate our approach for arid and semiarid landscapes where spatial variation in carbon dynamics, in particular aboveground net primary production, is a timely and important problem.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2006-90553</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peters, D.C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herrick, J. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huenneke, L.F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Havstad, KM</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Future Directions in Jornada Research: Applying an Interactive Landscape Model to Solve Problems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem: The Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research Site</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliography/06-069.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford University Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York, NY</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">369-386</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In this book chapter, we propose a new model of arid and semiarid landscapes that focuses explicitly on the processes and properties that generate spatial variation in ecosystem dynamics.  We are specifically interested in three interrelated aspects of landscapes: (1) feedbacks among plants, animals, and soils generated from interactions among biotic processes, a heterogeneous physical template, and the disturbance regime across a range of spatial and temporal scales, (2) neighborhood or contagious processes that generate fluxes and flows within and among spatial units, and (3) the landscape context and the condition of the study area of interest relative to its surroundings that modifies the transfers of materials.  We first describe our spatially interactive model and compare it to previous models then introduce an approach to identify the landscape locations where spatial processes and information are needed in order to understand and predict ecosystem dynamics.  The local, regional, and global implications of our interactive landscape model are also discussed.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2006-90494</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Havstad, KM</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fredrickson, E. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huenneke, L.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazing Livestock Management in an Arid Environment</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem: The Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research Site</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliography/06-064.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford University Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">266-277</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The history of livestock grazing in the Jornada Basin of southern New Mexico is a relatively recent story, but one of profound implications. For four centuries this region has supported a rangeland livestock industry, initially sheep, goats, and cattle, but primarily beef cattle for the past 130 years. Throughout this brief history of a domesticated ruminant in an ecosystem without a significant presence of large hoofed mammals as part of its evolutionary development, the livestock industry has continually grappled with high degrees of temporal and spatial variation in forage production. Management of this consumptive use, whether during Spanish, Mexican, United States Territorial, United States federal, or New Mexican governments, has constantly reaffirmed the need for grazing management to be flexible and responsive to the stress of droughts. The history of anecdotal experiences has been more recently augmented by scientific investigations first initiated in 1915. This chapter outlines the general history of livestock in this region, the historical specifics of ranching in the Jornada Basin, and resulting principles of grazing management derived from nearly a century of studies on grazing by large, domesticated herbivores.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2006-90495</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bestelmeyer, BT</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brown, JR</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Havstad, KM</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fredrickson, E. L.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A Holistic View of an Arid Ecosystem: A Synthesis of Research and Its Applications</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem: The Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research Site</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliography/06-068.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford University Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">354-368</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A primary objective of the Jornada Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program has been to provide a broad view of desert grassland ecology. Early architects of the LTER program felt that existing ecological datasets were usually of too short a duration and represented too few ecosystem components to provide a foundation for predicting dynamics in response to disturbances (NSF 1979). This recognition gave rise to the LTER approach—using long-term and multidisciplinary research at particular places to advance a holistic and broad-scale, but also mechanistic, view of ecological dynamics. Such a view is essential to applying ecological research to natural resources management (Golley 1993; Li 2000). In this synthesis chapter we ask: What has this approach taught us about the structure and function of a desert grassland ecosystem? How should this knowledge change the way we manage arid ecosystems? What gaps in our knowledge still exist and why?</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2006-90496</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Havstad, KM</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Introduction</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem: The Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research Site</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliography/06-052.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford University Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York, NY</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3-14</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Arid lands throughout the world, including lands at the border of arid regions, are increasingly subject to human impact, leading to degradation of soils, losses of plant production, and a diminished economic potential to support human populations. Focusing on the human impact and consequent losses in economic potential, we often call these changes &amp;quot;desertification.&amp;quot; With the potential for global climate change, however, the definition of desertification and its potential must be expanded. Indeed, the 1992 United Nations&amp;rsquo; Desertification Convention defined desertification as &amp;quot;land degradation in arid, semiarid and dry subhumid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities.&amp;quot; It is more recently recognized that desertification involves human and environmental drivers but is a symptom evident at regional spatial scales that emerges from degradation at finer spatial scales. Assertions relative to an updated and revised paradigm regarding desertification have been developed. In l981, a group of scientists based in Las Cruces, New Mexico, and associated with New Mexico State University proposed a program of long-term ecological research in the Jornada Basin of southern New Mexico (USA) to gain a better understanding of processes that determine the structure and function of desert ecosystems. To an extent, this book represents both a synthesis of that effort and a benchmark of our progress over the last 23 years. In addition, this book draws on a longer history of research in the Jornada Basin that dates back to the early part of the twentieth century. Both the group and its mission have evolved since 1981, but an initial motivation for our studies was the dramatic, historic records of vegetation change in the Jornada.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2006-90497</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reynolds, J. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kemp, P. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ogle, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandez, R. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gao, Q.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wu, J.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modeling the unique attributes of aridland ecosystems: Lessons from the Jornada Basin</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem: The Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research Site</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliography/06-067.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford University Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York, NY</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">321-353</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Jornada Basin is typical of aridland ecosystems of the southwestern United States and many other regions of the globe: it is water-limited with low annual net primary production (ANPP) and low-standing crop (Szarek 1979; Ludwig 1987). Yet, paradoxically, aridland ecosystems are structurally and functionally quite complex, exhibiting a remarkable range of species compositions and system behaviors. This can be attributed, in part, to the presence of complex topography and landscape physiography which, when combined with extreme variability in precipitation, produces striking spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the availability of essential limiting resources such as water and mineral nutrients.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2006-90498</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reynolds, J. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kemp, P. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ogle, K.R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fernandez, R. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gao, Q.J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wu, J.J.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Modeling the unique attributes of dryland ecosystems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structure and function of a Chihuahuan Desert ecosystem</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAP</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford University Press</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">321-353</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2006-93053</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tartowski, S. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schmidt, S.M.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nutrient cycling within an arid ecosystem</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem. The Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research Site</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliography/06-057.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford University Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York, NY</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">133-149</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In arid and semiarid lands, soil erosion by wind is an important process that affects both the surface features and the biological potential of the ecosystem. The eolian flux of soil nutrients into or out of an ecosystem results in enrichment or impoverishment of its biological potential. In the Jornada Basin, wind erosion is the only significant mechanism for the net loss of soil materials because fluvial processes do not remove materials from the basin. Vigorous wind erosion leads to topographic changes, altering the growing conditions for plants and animals. Examples of such changes in topography are the formation of sand dunes or the removal of whole soil horizons. Our goal in this chapter is to describe the construction of a mathematical model for wind erosion and dust production for the Jornada Basin. The model attempts to answer the following questions:1. Which soils are affected by wind erosion?2. How does wind erosion occur on Jornada soils?3. Does changing vegetation cover lead to a change in the source/sink relationship? 4. Is the Jornada a source or sink of eolian materials? If it is a source, what materials are lost?5. How does wind erosion change the soil-forming process?</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2006-90499</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snyder, KA</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mitchell, K.A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herrick, J. E.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patterns and Controls of Soil Water in the Jornada Basin</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem: The Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research Site</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliography/06-056.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford University Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York, NY</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">107-132</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This chapter focuses on the controls and patterns of soil moisture in the Jornada Basin. First, we describe general properties that commonly contribute to soil water heterogeneity; secondly, we offer a brief overview of soil water research in the Jornada Basin; and lastly, we describe specific patterns of soil water content and availability observed in the Jornada Basin. Our goal is to describe general patterns of soil water that are likely to occur across the Chihuahuan Desert region.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2006-90500</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huenneke, L.F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patterns of net primary production in Chihuahuan desert ecosystems</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem: The Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research Site</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliography/06-062.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford University Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York, NY</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">232-246</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Jornada Basin of southern New Mexico has long been an important location for the study of productivity in semidesert ecosystems. Researchers have studied the magnitude and sustainability of plant production since the founding of the USDA Jornada Experimental Range (JER) in 1912. The consistent administration and research focus of the Jornada Experimental Range and of the Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC) have facilitated a number of long-term studies of vegetation dynamics and productivity. These long-term datasets are especially critical for understanding semiarid ecosystems, where interannual and decadal scale variation in climate is so great and where plant performance is so strongly constrained by the physical environment. Long-term data, including the net primary productivity data that are the focus of this chapter, are also essential for understanding the progression or, rather, degradation of ecosystem structure that has been called desertification.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2006-90501</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peters, D.C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gibbens, R. P.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Communities in the Jornada Basin: The Dynamic Landscape</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem: The Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research Site</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliography/06-061.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford University Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York, NY</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">211-231</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant communities of the Jornada Basin LTER are characteristic of the northern Chihuahuan Desert, both in structure and dynamics.  Five major vegetation types are often distinguished that differ in plant species cover and composition, as well as other factors, such as animal populations, soil properties, and elevation.  Similar to many other parts of the Chihuahuan Desert, these plant communities have experienced major shifts in vegetation over the past 50-150 years.  The most dramatic changes in vegetation have occurred as a result of woody plant encroachment into perennial grasslands.  In this chapter, we describe the characteristics of each vegetation type and the documented changes in each type at the Jornada.  We also discuss the key drivers (small and larger animal activity, drought, fire, and directional changes in climate) influencing these vegetation dynamics.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2006-90502</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chapin III, F.S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valentini, R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wirth, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aber, John D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cole, Jon J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goulden, Michael L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harden, J.W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heimann, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Howarth, R. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matson, Pamela A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McGuire, A.D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Woodwell, G.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melillo, J.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mooney, Harold A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neff, J. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Houghton, R. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pace, M. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ryan, M. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Running, Steven W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">O.E. Sala</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schulze, E.D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Randerson, J.T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rastetter, E. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lovett, Gary M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baldocchi, Dennis D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clark, D.A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harmon, Mark E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schimel, David S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reconciling carbon-cycle concepts, terminology, and methods</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecosystems</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AND</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BNZ.</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/pubs/pdf/pub4211.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1041-1050</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DOI: 10.1007/s10021-005-0105-7</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2006-86259</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monger, H. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mack, G. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nolen, B. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gile, L. H.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regional Setting of the Jornada Basin</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem. The Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research Site</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliography/06-053.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford University Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York, NY</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">15-43</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Within the area around Las Cruces, New Mexico, is a network of studies at the Jornada Experimental Range, the Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center, and the Desert Soil-Geomorphology Project. All of these areas are in the Jornada Basin except for the area south of the Dona Ana Mountains, which are in the Mesilla Basin. All of these research entities are in the Chihuahuan Desert and this chapter describes the geologic history and development of landscapes that are important elements to our understanding of this ecosystem and its dynamic nature.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2006-90503</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herrick, J. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Havstad, KM</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rango, A</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Remediation Research in the Jornada Basin: Past and Future</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem: The Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research Site</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliography/06-065.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford University Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York, NY</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">278-304</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land degradation in most of the Chihuahuan Desert is characterized by a shift from grass- to shrub-dominated plant communities. Consequently, most remediation efforts are focused on grassland restoration.  Early experiments and trials focused on grazing management.  Beginning in the 1930's and continuing through the 1980's, various methods of shrub control were evaluated.  Early investigators had an intuitive and practical understanding of the system in which they worked.  They saw the individual limitations to grassland recovery and attempted to address them.  In order to be more successful than they were, we must begin to work at spatial and temporal scales relevant to the processes we hope to affect and target our interventions to those locations and during those periods when the processes are most susceptible to change.  We must also, as the earlier workers did, simultaneously target multiple processes with the objective of increasing the resistance and resilience of the modified ecosystems.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2006-90504</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Monger, H. C.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soil Development in the Jornada Basin</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem. The Jronada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research Site</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliography/06-055.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford University Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York, NY</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">81-106</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soils of the Jornada Basin are the substrate on which Jornada ecosystems reside and interact. Understanding soils and plant-soil feedback processes have been integral to understanding vegetation change and desertification. Formal studies of Jornada soils extend back to 1918. The most detailed study of Jornada soils is the USDA-SCS Desert Soil-Geomorphology Project, a 400-mi2 study area that includes the southernmost areas of the Jornada Experimental Range (JER) and Chihuahuan Desert Rangeland Research Center (CDRRC). This chapter highlights findings of soil and geomorphology studies, discusses factors and processes of soil development, and lists several ways soils of the Jornada Basin carry a memory of past climates.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2006-90505</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gutschick, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Snyder, K</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schleslinger, W.H.</style></author></tertiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Water and energy balances within the Jornada Basin</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem.  The Jornada Basin Long-Term Ecological Research Site</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliography/06-059.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford University Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">176-188</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">This chapter describes general characteristics and components of the energy and water balances in arid regions, with specific examples from the Jornada Basin. Various research efforts to characterize the energy and water balances and resultant carbon dioxide fluxes in the Jornada Basin are detailed. We provide a brief overview of how plant physiology interacts with energy and water balances in this region. The purpose of this chapter is to characterize the general abiotic conditions and some physiological traits of plants in this semiarid region.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2006-90507</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melillo, J.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grimm, N.B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ecology and the transition to sustainability</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CAP</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2005-92998</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cuff, D. J. (eds.)</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desertification</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Encyclopedia of Global Change</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford University Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oxford</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">253-256</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2002-90982</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hamilton, J. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DeLucia, J. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">George, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Naidu, S. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest carbon balance under elevated CO2</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">131</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">250-260</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2002-90989</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lal, R. (ed.)</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inorganic carbon and the global carbon cycle</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Encyclopedia of Soil Science</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marcel Dekker Inc.</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York, NY</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">706-708</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2002-90991</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross, Anne F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological and geochemical controls on phosphorus fractions in semiarid soils</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SEV</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">155-172</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2001-91083</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Okin, G.S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Murray, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conacher, A. J.  ed.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desertification in an arid shrubland in the southwestern United States</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Land Degradation</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kluwer Academic Publishers</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dordrecht</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">53-70</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2001-91088</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clark, J.S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohan, J. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reid, C. D.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Soule, M. E. /Orians, G. H. (eds.)</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Global environmental change: Effects on biodiversity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conservation Biology: Research Priorities for the Next Decade</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Island Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Washington, D. C.</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">175-223</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2001-91095</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michalek, J.L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Colwell, J.E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roller, N. E. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Miller, N. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kasischke, E.S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Satellite measurements of albedo and radiant temperature from semi-desert grassland along the Arizona/Sonora border</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2001</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">48</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">417</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2001-91107</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Havstad, KM</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herrick, J. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Archer, S</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desert rangelands, degradation and nutrients</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rangeland Desertification</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bibliography/661.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kluwer Academic Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dordrecht, The Netherlands</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">77-87</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.1999-91217</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reynolds, J. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virginia, R. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Woodward, F. I. (eds.)</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Defining plant functional types for models of desertification</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Functional Types</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1997</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge University Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">195-216</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.1997-91335</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thomas, V.  (eds.)</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The vulnerability of biotic diversity</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Industrial Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1994</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge University Press</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cambridge</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">245-260</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.1994-91516</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marion, G.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fonteyn, P. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alkalinity measurements in water extracts of calcareous soils</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1992</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">56</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">598-600</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.1992-91563</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reynolds, J. F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cunningham, G.L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huenneke, L.F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jarrell, W. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virginia, R. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Whitford, W. G.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Biological Feedbacks in Global Desertification</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http:usda-ars.nmsu.edu/biblio/pdf/111.pdf</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">247</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1043-1048</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Studies of ecosystem processes on the Jornada Experimental Range in southern New Mexico suggest that long-term grazing of semiarid grasslands leads to an increase in the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of water, nitrogen, and other soil resources. Heterogeneity of soil resources promotes invasion by desert shrubs, which leads to a further localization of soil resources under shrub canopies. In the barren area between shrubs, soil fertility is lost by erosion and gaseous emissions. This positive feedback leads to the desertification of formerly productive land in southern New Mexico and in other regions, such as the Sahel. Future desertification is likely to be exacerbated by global climate warming and to cause significant changes in global biogeochemical cycles.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.1990-91658</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marion, G.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fonteyn, P. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spatial variability of CaCO3 solubility in a Chihuahuan Desert soil</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1990</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">181-191</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spatial variability in CaCO3 solubility is an important factor in parameterizing simulation models and designing experiments.  The objective of this study was to quantify the spatial variability, both horizontal and vertical, in CaCO3 solubility in a Chihuahuan Desert soil.  CaCO3 solubilities were estimated in 1:5 soil:water suspensions.  Soil horizon extracts were generally supersaturated with respect to calcite.  The mean (+- &lt;i&gt;1 SE&lt;/i&gt;) p&lt;i&gt;IAP&lt;/i&gt;(CaCO3) for the A, B&lt;sub&gt;k1&lt;/sub&gt;, and B&lt;sub&gt;k2&lt;/sub&gt; horizons were 8.03 (0.055), 8.19 (0.019), and 8.26 (0.15), respectively.  The differences in p&lt;i&gt;IAP&lt;/i&gt; between the A and B horizons (vertical variability) were statistically significant;  these differences could be due to organic matter inhibition of calcite precipitation.  Supersaturation with respect to calcite and vertical variability in CaCO3 solubility needs to be explicitly considered in simulation models.  The standard errors in p&lt;i&gt;IAP&lt;/i&gt; (horizontal variability) were greatest for the A horizons and decreased with increasing soil depth.  Given the inherent variability in CaCO3 solubility, a large sample size is necessary to detect small differences in CaCO3 solubility for this Chihuahuan Desert soil.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.1990-91691</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>6</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marion, G.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fonteyn, P. J.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nagy, K. A. (eds.)</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stable isotope ratios and the dynamics of caliche in desert soils</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1989</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer-Verlag</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New York</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">309-317</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">In the present paper, we review studies of stable isotopes in soil carbonates and offer some preliminary data from our current studies of how biotic processes may affect the formation of caliche and its stable isotope content.     Studies of the isotopic ratios in soil carbonates suggest that biota play a major role in the soil-forming processes of desert ecosystems.  The isotopic composition of caliche forming in current conditions appears to be related to brad climatic patterns and to local conditions of vegetation.  Many previous compilations of such data are uninterpretable because samples were collected from sites dominated by calcareous parent materials and from soil horizons that developed under unknown paleoclimatic conditions.  Gardner (1984) reported that Pleistocene age caliches contain lower values for 18O than Holocene samples (cf. Cerling et al. 1077; Table 18.1).  Such changes may suggest that the deposition occurred in a cooler climate, but changes in the evaporative removal of soil moisture may also be involved.  Careful studies of the seasonal change in the 13C and 18O values of soil CO2 and soil H2O would help determine the mechanisms controlling the deposition of carbonate in desert soils.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.1989-91747</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fonteyn, P. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marion, G.M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Accuracy of soil thermocouple hygrometer measurements in desert ecosystems</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1987</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">68</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1121-1124</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of thermocouples in studies of soil and plant water relations began in the 1950's (Spanner 1951, Monteith and Owen 1958, Richards and Ogata 1958, Savage and Cass 1984).  Initially, thermocouples were used only in laboratory studies because precise temperature control was thought to be essential for accurate measurements (Kramer 1972).  Field applications began after Rawlins and Dalton (1967) and Wiebe et al. (1970) demonstrated that certain corrections eliminated the need for precise control.  With the advent of commercial availability, thermocouples have been widely used by plant ecologists (see Turner and Kramer 1980 for examples).  Despite their extensive use, many investigators are distrustful of data obtained with soil thermocouples.  The prevelence of this distrust, although not expressed in the literature, is commonly expressed in discussions among scientists who have had field experience with thermocouples.  We compared soil water potential data obtained with soil thermocouples to measurements ofpredawn xylem sap potential of desert shrubs (Scholander et al. 1965, Waring and Cleary 1967).  The null hypothesis tested was that predawn xylem sap potentials would not differ significantly from soil water potential values measured with soil thermocouples in the dew point mode (hygrometers), because xylem sap potentials at that time are in equilibrium with rhizosphere water potential (Ritchie and Hinkley 1975).</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.1987-91813</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lajtha, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant response to variations in nitrogen availability in a desert shrubland community</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1986</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">29-37</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Spatial variations in nitrogen availability were studied in a desert community codominated by &lt;i&gt;Larrea tridentata&lt;/i&gt; (DC.) Cov. and &lt;i&gt;Prosopis glandulosa&lt;/i&gt; Torr.  Measurements of natural 15N values in tissues suggested that &lt;i&gt;Prosopis&lt;/i&gt; obtains approximately half of its nitrogen through direct symbiotic fixation.  Soils were collected under 1) &lt;i&gt;Prosopis&lt;/i&gt; shrubs, 2) &lt;i&gt;Larrea&lt;/i&gt; shrubs &lt; 2 m from &lt;i&gt;Prosopis&lt;/i&gt; (LP), and 3) &lt;i&gt;Larrea&lt;/i&gt;&lt; 2 m from other &lt;i&gt;Larrea&lt;/i&gt; but &gt; 5 m from the nearest &lt;i&gt;Prosopis&lt;/i&gt; (LL).  &lt;i&gt;Prosopis&lt;/i&gt; soils showed significantly higher rates of nitrogen mineralization than LL soils in both A and B horizons.  Rates of mineralization in LP soils were significantly higher than rates in LL soils only in the B horizon and were not significantly different from rates in &lt;i&gt;Prosopis&lt;/i&gt; soils.  Leaf nitrogen concentrations were significantly higher in LP shrubs (2.06%) than in LL shrubs (1.78%), although 15N values did not differ between the two shrub types.  Nitrogen concentrations in &lt;i&gt;Perezia nana&lt;/i&gt; Gray, a perennial herb, were greater in plants under &lt;i&gt;Prosopis&lt;/i&gt; shrubs (2.09%) than under LP shrubs (1.93%) or LL shrubs (1.67%).  Despite apparent differences in nitrogen availability, biomass of &lt;i&gt;Larrea&lt;/i&gt; and density of &lt;i&gt;Perezia&lt;/i&gt; did not differ significantly among these sites.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.1986-91897</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marion, G.M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Schlesinger, W.H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fonteyn, P. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CALDEP: a regional model for CaCO3 (caliche) deposition in southwestern deserts</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">JRN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1985</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">139</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">468-481</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Our objective was to develop and validate a regional model for CaCO3 deposition in desert soils of the southwestern United States.  There were five major components in the simulation model, an evportranspiration model, chemical thermodynamic relationships, soil parameterization, and a soil water and CaCO3 flux model.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.1985-91924</style></accession-num></record></records></xml>