<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garcia, E. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bertness, Mark D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alberti, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silliman, Brian R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Crab regulation of cross-ecosystem resource transfer by marine foraging fire ants</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oecologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GCE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/content/v2h80ut730h85424/</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">166</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1111-1119</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Permeability of boundaries in biological systems is regulated by biotic and/or abiotic factors. Despite this knowledge, the role of biotic factors in regulating resource transfer across ecosystem boundaries has received little study. Additionally, little is known about how cross-ecosystem resource transfer affects source populations. We used experiments, observations and stable isotopes, to evaluate: (1) the proportion of intertidal-foraging black fire ant (Solenopsis richteri) diet derived from marine sources, (2) how black fire ant cross-ecosystem resource transfer is altered by the dominant bioengineer in the intertidal, a burrowing crab (Neohelice granulata), (3) the topdown impact of these terrestrial ants on a marine resource, and (4) the effect of marine resources on recipient black fire ants. We found that more than 85% of the black fire ant diet is derived from marine sources, the number of intertidal foraging ants doubles in the absence of crab burrows, and that ants cause a 50% reduction in intertidal polychaetes. Also, ant mound density is three times greater adjacent to marine systems. This study reveals that cross-ecosystem foraging terrestrial ants can clearly have strong impacts on marine resources. Furthermore, ecosystem engineers that modify and occupy habitat in these ecosystem boundaries can strongly regulate the degree of cross-ecosystem resource transfer and resultant top down impacts.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2011-93238</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alberti, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Casariego, A. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daleo, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fanjul, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silliman, Brian R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bertness, Mark D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iribarne, O.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abiotic stress mediates top-down and bottom-up control in a Southwestern Atlantic salt marsh</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oecologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GCE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.springerlink.com/content/t2517rh1590t2812/</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">163</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">181-191</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Increasing evidence has shown that nutrients and consumers interact to control primary productivity in natural systems, but how abiotic stress affects this interaction is unclear. Moreover, while herbivores can strongly impact zonation patterns in a variety of systems, there are few examples of this in salt marshes. We evaluated the effect of nutrients and herbivores on the productivity and distribution of the cordgrass Spartina densiflora along an intertidal stress gradient, in a Southwestern Atlantic salt marsh. We characterized abiotic stresses (salinity, ammonium concentration, and anoxia) and manipulated nutrients and the presence of the herbivorous crab Neohelice (Chasmagnathus) granulata, at different tidal heights with a factorial experiment. Abiotic stress increased at both ends of the tidal gradient. Salinity and anoxia were highest at the upper and lower edge of the intertidal, respectively. Nutrients and herbivory interacted to control cordgrass biomass, but their relative importance varied with environmental context. Herbivory increased at lower tidal heights to the point that cordgrass transplants onto bare mud substrate were entirely consumed unless crabs were excluded, while nutrients were most important where abiotic stress was reduced. Our results show how the impact of herbivores and nutrients on plant productivity can be dependent on environmental conditions and that the lower intertidal limits of marsh plants can be controlled by herbivory.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2010-93264</style></accession-num></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daleo, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silliman, Brian R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alberti, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escapa, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Canepuccia, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pena, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Iribarne, O.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grazer facilitation of fungal infection and the control of plant growth in south-western Atlantic salt marshes</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Plant Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GCE</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2009</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01508.x/abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">781-787</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">While great effort has been made in documenting the processes that drive plant-induced susceptibility after herbivore attack and it is widely accepted that herbivores can facilitate plant diseases, the relative importance of this interaction in controlling plant growth in natural systems remains largely unexplored.2. In south-western Atlantic salt marshes, we investigated the importance of disease after herbivory by examining: (i) whether or not a herbivorous crab facilitates disease (i.e. fungus infection) in marsh plants (Spartina alterniflora and S. densiflora) when clipping off small portions of leaves and (ii) the separate and interactive effects of crab grazing but fungal infection in controlling marsh plant growth.3.Our results show that crab grazing facilitates fungal infection in Spartina leaves. A factorial field experiment shows that both direct crab herbivory and fungal infection strongly suppress plant production (by more than 50%).4.Synthesis. These experimental results demonstrate that fungal infection following herbivory attack can decrease salt marsh plant production and that increased disease susceptibility can be a fundamental factor in controlling plant production in natural ecosystems, even in cases where herbivores do not directly inoculate the pathogen but only damage plant tissue.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LTER.2009-93303</style></accession-num></record></records></xml>