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Report
from a meeting Between LTER and NASA/MODIS Scientists
NASA Aircraft data for LTER sites: Description of SCAR 93 from Yoram Kaufman Action Items from the MODIS/LTER Meeting (March 23-24 1993) NASA
MODLAND/LTER Meeting Participants These notes are
from a meeting between representatives of LTER and NASA, in
particular, of the NASA/MODIS (MODLAND) team. It was an initial
follow-up to the November LTER/NASA workshop at the Sevilleta
LTER site. The purpose of this meeting was to start in motion
specific initiatives which were considered important and attainable
during the previous workshop. These activities were seen as
first steps to continued interaction between LTER and NASA
scientists. In final discussion it was noted that at the program
level, these initiatives represent interaction between the
LTER and EOS programs of NSF and NASA, respectively. A number
of action items resulted during this meeting and are not all
included specifically in the notes. This list, compiled by
Chris Justice is included at the end of the report. Please note that
this text was gleaned from various discussions during and
after the meeting. I have not attempted to list all the acronyms
etc., and no member of the meeting has reviewed these notes,
thus I take responsibility for any omissions or misinterpretations.
Please feel free to contact me (jvc@lternet.edu) for clarifications
or copies of this text. This text and the previously mentioned
LTER/NASA report are available by anonymous ftp or gopher
on the "LTERnet.edu" file server. Chris Justice of
NASA/GSFC started the meeting with background and updates
since the November LTER/NASA meeting at SEV. Handouts of MODLAND
background, the instrument, its purpose etc. were given and
discussed. Chris noted that a MODIS overhead set is available,
although handouts of many of the overheads were distributed
to meeting participants. Steve Running noted
that it would be best to focus on products that MODLAND needs
to provide for EOS. These products are key items for LTER/EOS
interaction since MODLAND is expected to produce specific
items which included verification by ground reference data
and scientific evaluation. Pathfinder data
sets as described by Chris Justice consist of AVHRR data -
from Tucker's multi-year dataset and also from Landsat Thematic
Mapper. Three Pathfinder projects are identified to date:
1-Tropical Forest Inventory, 2-North America Landscape Characterization,
and 3-Land Cover Test Sites. LTER projects fit well with the
second and third items. Linked with the Pathfinder data sets are new acquisitions of Landsat-TM data, known as the Landsat "data grant". Bob Murphy gave an update on the 1992 acquisitions, with provisions for each LTER site. Bob now calls these data the "Global Change Landsat Data Collection". A previous note from this meeting erroneously stated that NASA had provided 1991 Landsat-TM data for LTER, however these data were acquired by a funded proposal from NSF to the LTER Network Office. This is described in the November, 1992 LTER/NASA workshop report. The successful 1992 NASA acquisitions for LTER sites are listed below: Global Change Landsat
Data Collection - There were 13 acquisitions for LTER sites
in 1992. Site P/R Mo Day Yr Notes Harvard Forest: MA 13 30 06 16 1992 Hubbard Brook Forest 13 29 07 02 1992 Harvard Forest 13 30 07 02 1992 Virginia Coast 14 34 08 10 1992 North Inlet 16 37 07 07 1992 Konza Prairie 28 33 08 26 1991 Sevilleta 33 36 04 09 1992 Sevilleta 33 36 07 06 1992 Multitemporal Sevilleta 33 36 07 14 1992 Multitemporal Sevilleta 33 36 08 15 1992 Multitemporal Jornada 33 37 07 06 1992 Incl White Sands Central Plains 33 32 8 15 1992 H J Andrews
46 29 08 10 1992 The 1992 now exist
at EDC. Data sharing restrictions will need to be defined.
These data should be sent to the sites and archived at NET.
Bob Murphy has schedule 26 acquisitions to cover all LTER
sites with acquisitions as described in the 1992 LTER/NASA
workshop report. Better coordination will be needed with NASA
regarding these acquisitions, perhaps with the EDC DAAC as
the interface. Jim Gosz gave a
short presentation on future plans for interagency linkages
such as interactions between NASA and NSF programs, as well
as with the USGS (including the EROS Data Center). As part
of this, with potential reorganizations of biological science
programs within agencies, there is a potential for new or
close interactions with other government programs, with potentials
for new funding sources. Brent Holben and
Yoram Kaufman gave information on specific needs for corrections
to satellite data. Yoram described these errors, primarily
from aerosols and water vapor in reference to NDVI data and
alternative corrections (like normalizing with wavelengths
such as TM band 1). The need to correct for such errors was
the basis for discussions to acquire sun photometers for LTER
sites to be used for correcting data from not only Landsat-TM,
but also the daily overpasses of AVHRR, and in the future
of MODIS and other sensors. It should be noted
that these instruments are primarily for generating correction
parameters, not for obtaining continuous multispectral light
measurements, although they provide measurements of 9 specific
wavelengths (controlled by filters in the photometer. The
specific measurements that are made by the instruments are
controlled by an automated robot linked to a pre-programmed
microprocessor. This is needed primarily since the number
of measurements, and specific measurement angles needed are
sufficiently tedious that they would never be done on a regular
basis. Although the data generated by the instruments can
be downloaded to automated data loggers, the data can be sent
directly via GOES satellite to Goddard for processing, generation
of specific correction factors, and redistribution via computer
networks links. Brent gave a demonstration
on the tracking ability and basic data acquisition of a photometer
on the morning of "day 2" of this meeting. A network
of 6 instruments were field tested in the Amazon to a limited
degree. However, because of unknown problems from use at sites
as varied as LTER and because of their cost (about $20,000),
it did not seem practical to implement these instruments for
all LTER sites all at once. NASA scientists agreed to provide
at least 1 photometer to be used in conjunction with MODIS
simulator and AVIRUS overflights of VCR/LTER (the instrument
will be flown from an ER-2 based at Wallops Island, just north
of VCR). Other instruments may be available by May for Landsat-TM
acquisitions of the SEV and JRN LTER sites - for a total of
3 "floating" NASA instruments during 1992. It was
suggested that the Network Office develop a proposal for 4
instruments to be used at LTER sites. This was done with information
from Brent Holben to better document the operational use of
the instruments. It was noted that Doug Stow and Allen Hope of the JRN/LTER have been working on atmospheric corrections from ongoing NASA and other projects. It was suggested that the Toolik lake and JRN collaboration information from Doug Stowe for atmospheric correction should be coordinated with people at NASA such as Yoram Kaufman . As a specific action item, information and data for future work was considered important, and the LTER sites should be asked to see what was already available. These were to see what comparable datasets might be available across the LTER Network: 1-Landcover assessment/classification - what it includes if available, and what classification scheme was used. 2-DEM coverage for the sites - what the sites have, and what resolution. 3-NPP Measurements
(what type and how often). There was discussion
regarding DAAC meetings at EDC. This would be important as
an information source, and future data management effort,
perhaps task the LTER datamanagers to work with EDC DAAC in
the future, perhaps Rudolf Nottrott as contact point. There
is a meeting scheduled for May. Warren Cohen agreed
to coordinate a current landcover assessment from new (i.e.
1991 or 1992) Landsat TM data. Priority of efforts for remote sensing activities need to include: -Land Cover Map -LAI Map -Primary Production
Estimates. Discussions involving
the LTER ALL SCIENTISTS Meeting suggested that this could
be a focus for the next major LTER/EOS interaction. Items
as listed in the 1992 LTER/NASA workshop report should be
included. A sun photometer demonstration/training session,
a full afternoon workshop (cover photometers, data acquisitions,
planning for a 1995 MAC at interested sites, but specifically
to cover: LTER/EOS Overview, EOS Program, MODIS/LTER Program,
Sun Photometer-Atmospheric corrections, Land Cover, Vegetation
Indices R+D, NPP/Rs, Spatial Patterns/fragmentation-regionalization.
A breakout session is also planned for generation of a proposal
on analysis of landscape fragmentation and another on cross-site
NPP/Carbon measurements. Remote sensing activities at LTER
sites as well as NASA should be included in the posters sessions
during the meeting, preferably organized as a group. NASA Aircraft data for LTER sites: Diane Wickland
said that plans are being made to get overflights of AIRSAR
(BNZ, SEV, JRN) or AVIRUS (VCR, HFR, HBR, AND) data for some
LTER sites during 1993. NASA will need flightline information
from the sites. Also needed from the sites that NASA can schedule
would be a letter stating their plans/ability to process data
acquired. Diane also emphasized
the need to plan now (at least as an LTER All Scientist Meeting
activity) for a 1995 MAC if sites are interested, as well
as a general need for the science programs to define the longer
term relationships. Description of SCAR 93 from Yoram Kaufman <kaufman@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov> (This is background
information for planned remote sensing activity which will
involve primarily the Virginia Coast Reserve LTER site. 1. Phase 1 1993:
Eastern US SCARp A preliminary experiment will be conducted during July 1231, 1993 in the Eastern US. The experiment will include flights of the ER2 from Wallops VA with the MODIS simulator (MAS), and the AVIRIS instrument. It will also include ground based measurements with sunphotometers of the total precipitable water vapor and of the aerosol concentration and characteristics.
During this period the ER2 is already scheduled to be located
in Wallops at the end of June for vegetation chemistry studies
and to fly from here to missions. So some data may be already
collected before July 12. The configuration
of the MAS 12 channels is: (.55, .66, .86, .94, 2.14, 3.9,
8.6, 11., 12., 13.3, 13.9). It scans +45 from nadir. AVIRIS has 200
channels from 0.4 to 2.5 micron. It scans +15 deg. There is high possibility
of C131 from the U of Washington that is capable to use the
CAR radiometer that can give the full 4*pi radiation with
resolution of 1 deg at 13 channels from 0.47 to 2.1 micron.
It is a slower plane and may not get as far as the ER2. Action
Items from the MODIS/LTER Meeting (March 2324 1993)Action
Items from the MODIS/LTER Meeting (March 2324 1993) # Locke Stuart
(MODIS) will provide Jim Gosz with a set of MODIS color vugraphs
within the next two or three weeks. # Brent Holben
(GSFC) will contact John Porter (Va LTER) with respect to
installing a sun photometer for the period of the Airborne
MAS experiment (July Aug 93). # Bob Murphy (NASA/HQ)
to include a TM acquisition for the Va LTER during the SCAR
campaign. # Yoram Kaufman
(GSFC) to send information concerning the timing of the East
Coast SCAR overflights and the instrument configuration for
the experiment to John Porter of the VA LTER. # John Vande Castle
to contact Brent Holben (GSFC) concerning the possible and
preferred distribution of the loaner sunphotometers at LTER's
during summer of 93. # Jim Gosz to investigate
and inform the group on mechanisms for research proposals
to NSF to support the MODIS/LTER research agenda. # Brent Holben
/ John Vande Castle to coordinate an instrument proposal for
April 1st. # Dorothy Hall
to provide a one page description of plans for the MODIS snow
cover product research agenda with the intent of identifying
potential future collaboration with the relevant LTER's. # Aaron Moody to
generate a one page description of the MODIS land cover research
agenda with the intent of identifying potential future collaboration
with the relevant LTER's. # Steve Ungar to
provide information to John Vande Castle on the availability
of the MCST software for MODIS simulation from TM data. # John Vande Castle
to provide a statement of the existing land cover (vegetation
maps) for the LTERs and the extent of mapping for the surrounding
region. The statement should include scale, categories and
format available (digital/hardcopy). # Warren Cohen
to coordinate a vegetation mapping activity between the LTER's
using the 1992 TM data acquired. # Justice to pursue
linking 1km daily AVHRR data extraction to the Landsat pathfinder
test site (LTER) activity. # John Vande Castle
to provide a statement of the current availability of DEM
data for the LTERS. # Aaron Moody to
send John Vande Castle a copy of the MODIS BRDF meeting (Columbia
1992) document for circulation. # Zhenming Wan
(MODIS) to provide a one page description of the ideas for
developing and validating surface temperature products for
MODIS with the intent of identifying potential future collaboration
with the relevant LTER's. # Alfredo Huete
to send a preprint of the Modis Vegetation Index paper to
John Vande Castle for distribution. # Chris Justice
to send John Vande Castle a copy of the IGBP/GAIM remote sensing
NPP workshop (UMd 1992) for circulation as it becomes available.
# Bob Murphy to
update the group on the current status of EOSAT TM acquisitions. # Bob Murphy will
send John Vande Castle the necessary forms for the LTER's
to obtain the 1992 TM data from EDC and will elaborate on
the distribution restrictions. # John Vande Castle
to report back on the suggestion for an NASA / LTER workshop
at the Estes Park (All Science) Meeting in September. Detailed
agenda to be worked out with Steve Running. Emphasis should
be on joint presentations between MODIS/LTER scientists. # Steve Running
to pursue the issue of poster sessions at the Estes Park Meeting. # Steve Running
to contact Warren Cohen, Carol Wessman and Aaron Moody to
develop plans for the Land Cover / LAI / NPP preproposal
prior to the Estes Park meeting. # Brent Holben
to consider presenting the sunphotometer initiative at the
Estes Park Meeting. NASA MODLAND/LTER Meeting Participants Warren B. Cohen USDA Forest Service PNW Research Station Forestry Sciences Lab Corvallis, OR 97331 PH: (503) 7507322 FX: (503) 7507329 EM: cohen@fsl.orst.edu James Gosz Division of Environmental Biology National Science Foundation 1800 G Street NW Washington, DC 20550 PH: 202 357-7332 FX: 202 357-1191 EM: jGosz@sevilleta.unm.edu Alfredo Huete 429 Shuntz Bldg. #38 Univ. of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85721 PH: 602) 6213228 FX: (602) 6211647 EM: swshuete@ccit.arizona.edu Brent Holben NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Code 923 Greenbelt MD 20771 PH: 301 286-2975 FX: 301 286-9200 EM: brent@kratmos.gsfc.nasa.gov Chris Justice Code 923, NASAGSFC Greenbelt, MD 20771 PH: (301) 2867372 FX: (301) 2867122 FX: Justice@kratmos.gsfc.nasa.gov
Tom Lillesand Environmental Remote Sensing Center University of Wisconsin-Madison 1225 W. Dayton Street Madison, WI 53706 PH: 608 263-3251 FX: 608 EM: tlillesand@macc.wisc.edu Aaron Moody Boston University Center for Remote Sensing 675 Commonwealth Ave. Boston, MA 02215 PH: 617 353-5981 EM: moody@crsa.bu.edu Bob Murphy Code SED05, NASA HQ Washington, DC 20546 PH: (202) 3580253 FX: (202) 3583098 EM: rMurphy@se.hq.nasa.gov EM: r.Murphy.nasa/omnet Barbara Nolan JORNADA (JRN) LTER New Mexico State University Las Cruces NM 88003 PH: 505 646-4465 FX: 505 646-5665 EM: bnolan@nmsu.edu Lorraine Remer NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Code 923 Greenbelt MD 20771 PH: 301 286-8235 FX: 301 286-4804 EM: remer@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov Steve Running University o Montana Missoula, MT 59812 PH: 406 243-6311 FX: 406 243-4510 EM: swr@ntsg.umt.edu Gregory A. Shore Sevilleta LTER Biology Department University of New Mexico Albuqurque, NM 87131 PH: 505 277-2109 FX: 505 277-5355 EM: gshore@sevilleta.unm.edu Steve Ungar NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Code 923 Greenbelt MD 20771 PH: 301 286-4007 FX: 301 286-9200 EM: ungar@highwire.gsfc.nasa.gov
John Vande Castle LTER Network Office University of Washington AR-10 Seattle, WA 98195 PH: 206 543-6249 FX: 206 685-0790 EM: jvc@lternet.edu Vern Vanderbilt NASA/Ames Research Center MS 242-4 Moffet Field, CA 94035 PH: 415 604-4254 FX: 415 604-4680 EM: vander@eco.arc.nasa.gov Carol Wessman CIRES, Campus Box 449 Univ. of Colorado Boulder, CO 803090449 (303) 4921139 FAX: (303) 4925070 wessman@cses.colorado.edu Diane E. Wickland NASA Code SEP03 Washington, DC 20546 (202) 3580272 FAX: (202) 3583098 dWickland/nasamail d.Wickland/omnet |
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