Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, near Albuquerque, New Mexico

\log

12/20/97 - Date this file created. G. Shore.
12/21/97 - Added info regarding missing Channel 3 band in Period 04
image file, due to read errors on source CD. G. Shore.
04/14/98 - Read Period 04 image file off of new CD, replacing the
previous archive image (that was missing Channel 3 band);
and updated the metadata abstract file and this SIMS IAF
file by removing reference to missing band data. G. Shore.
10/30/01 - Added date/time fields to APPENDIX II section. G. Shore.


\doc

##############################################################
DATA SET CODE AND TITLE

SEV031 AVHRR Biweekly Composites (1996)


##############################################################
ABSTRACT
This dataset contains 26 separate 14-day composited AVHRR
images for 1996 clipped approximatedly to the New Mexico State
boundaries (plus 50 Km buffer around boundary). These were
obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC),
National Mapping Division, from the "CONTERMINOUS U.S. AVHRR BIWEEKLY
COMPOSITES" CD product series.


##############################################################
KEYWORDS
SEV031 AVHRR Advanced_Very_High_Resolution_Radiometer NOAA Satellite_Imagery Remote_Sensing USGS_EROS_Data_Center 1996


##############################################################
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. WHY THE DATA WERE COLLECTED
II. WHEN THE DATA WERE COLLECTED
III. WHO IS INVOLVED WITH THE DATA
IV. WHERE TH DATA WERE COLLECTED
V. HOW THE DATA WERE COLLECTED AND PROCESSED BY THE USGS EDC
VI. HOW THE DATA WERE PROCESSED BY THE SEVILLETA IMS (SIMS)
VII. APPENDIX I - USGS EDC Metadata
VIII. APPENDIX II - Pixel Date Attribute Table


##############################################################
I. WHY THE DATA WERE COLLECTED

See the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC)
documentation in APPENDIX I below.


##############################################################
II. WHEN THE DATA WERE COLLECTED

Twenty-six 14-day composites for 1996. See the U.S. Geological
Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC) documentation in APPENDIX I below
for specific composite periods.


##############################################################
III. WHO IS INVOLVED WITH THE DATA

SOURCE AGENCY CONTACTS:
See the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC) documentation
in APPENDIX I below for USGS EDC contacts.

LOCAL SEVILLETA LTER CONTACTS:
Primary contact:
Greg Shore, Sevilleta LTER (gshore@sevilleta.unm.edu).

Principle investigators:
Bruce Milne, Sevilleta LTER (bmilne@sevilleta.unm.edu)

GIS/GPS specialist:
Greg Shore, Sevilleta LTER (gshore@sevilleta.unm.edu).

Data Management
Greg Shore, Sevilleta LTER (gshore@sevilleta.unm.edu)


##############################################################
IV. WHERE THE DATA WERE COLLECTED

The original biweekly composited images covered the
Conterminous United States. However, the images were clipped
to the approximate New Mexico State boundaries (plus 50 Km buffer
around boundary) for online access purposes, while the full U.S.
scenes are stored offline on tape. The clipping coordinates were
selected to perform exact clipping, so no resampling was required.
The approximate online (NM clipped) boundaries are:

Latitude/Longitude, decimal degrees (Clarke 1866 spheroid)
XMIN: -109.515170 YMIN 30.759247 XMAX -102.454601 YMAX 37.817184

Lambert Azimuthal Equal-area (see EDC document for projection info)
XMIN: -914000 YMIN -1529000 XMAX -216000 YMAX -795000

The source and the clipped images are in the following map projection:
Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection
Parameters:
Radius of sphere 6,370,997.0 meters
Longitude of central meridian 100 00 00 West
Latitude of origin 45 00 00 North
False easting 0
False northing 0
Units of measure meters
Pixel size 1,000 meters

Each clipped image has 735 rows and 699 columns, and has a cell size
of 1000 x 1000 m.

See the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC) documentation
in APPENDIX I below for spatial extent, projection information, etc.,
related to the full Conterminous US scenes.


##############################################################
V. HOW THE DATA WERE COLLECTED AND PROCESSED BY THE USGS EDC

See the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC)
documentation in APPENDIX I below.


##############################################################
VI. HOW THE DATA WERE PROCESSED BY THE SEVILLETA IMS (SIMS)

The general SIMS processing steps for each biweekly composite
period were to read the 10 image bands off the source USGS-EDC CD,
concatenate/import them into a 10-band ERDAS Imagine format image
file, georegister to the USGS-EDC specifications, clip the scene
to the approximate New Mexico State boundaries, move the clipped
scene to the online SIMS archive, and write the full scene to
offline tape.

The band order in the archived scenes is:

1- NOAA CHANNEL 1 6- NDVI
2- NOAA CHANNEL 2 7- SATELLITE ZENITH
3- NOAA CHANNEL 3 8- SOLAR ZENITH
4- NOAA CHANNEL 4 9- RELATIVE AZIMUTH
5- NOAA CHANNEL 5 10- DATE

The bands are described in detail in the U.S. Geological Survey's
EROS Data Center (EDC) documentation in APPENDIX I below. The
attribute data for the "DATE" band is found in APPENDIX II below.

A more precise description of the processing steps is as follows:

1. Mount AVHRR CD

2. Read the 10 bands of information off the CD for each biweekly composited
scene, concatenate the 10 bands into a single file, then import as an
ERDAS Imagine 10-band image file (of size 2889 rows x 4587 cols). This
process was automated with the C-shell script:

/db/local/imagery/bincom/avhrr_import.csh 96

NOTE: this generates 10-band ERDAS Imagine format files, that are of
image size 2889 rows x 4587 cols, with filenames as follows:

avhrr96pPP.img

where: PP = bi-weekly growth period number

and bands in following order::
1- NOAA CHANNEL 1 6- NDVI
2- NOAA CHANNEL 2 7- SATELLITE ZENITH
3- NOAA CHANNEL 3 8- SOLAR ZENITH
4- NOAA CHANNEL 4 9- RELATIVE AZIMUTH
5- NOAA CHANNEL 5 10- DATE

3. Georegister the scene as follows:
Bring up ERDAS Imagine GUI, then Tools->ImageInfo tool and do:
1. File->Open->avhrr96pPP.img
2. Edit->Change Map Model:
a. Upper Left X: -2050000
b. Upper Left Y: 752000
c. Pixel Size X: 1000
d. Pixel Size Y: 1000
e. Units: meters
f. Projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal-area
NOTE: click OK, then answer "Yes" to changing Map Model in all layers.
3. Edit->Add/Change Projection:
a. Spheroid Name: Sphere of Radius 6370997m
b. Datum Name: Undefined
c. Longitude of center of projection: 100:00:00 W
d. Latitude of center of projection: 45:00:00 N
e. False easting: 0.0 meters
f. False northing: 0.0 meters
NOTE: click OK, then answer "Yes" to changing Map Model in all layers.
4. Edit->Change Layer Name:
a. Change bands 1 - 5 to Channel_1, Channel_2, ..., Channel_5,respectively
b. Change band 6 to NDVI
c. Change bands 7 - 10 to SATELLITE_ZENITH, SOLAR ZENITH,
RELATIVE_AZIMUTH, and DATE, respectively

4. Clip full-scene to New Mexico minimum bounding box (+50 Km buffer) with
coordinates ULx = -914000, ULy = -795000, LRx = -216000, LRy = -1529000,
and dimensions 735 rows x 699 columns. This process was automated with
the C-shell scripts:

/db/local/imagery/bincom/batch_avhrr_clip2nm.csh, which calls:
/db/local/imagery/bincom/avhrr_clip2nm.csh avhrr96pPP.img avhrr96pPPnm.img

NOTE: this generates 10-band ERDAS Imagine format files, that are of
image size 735 rows x 699 cols, with filenames as follows:

avhrr96pPPnm.img

5. Unix compress the NM clipped image, make an archive directory, and move it
to the archive destination (/db/archive/imagery/avhrr/avhrr96pPP/). This
process was automated with the C-shell scripts:

/db/local/imagery/bincom/avhrr_archive.csh

NOTE: this generates Unix compressed files with filenames as follows:

avhrr96pPPnm.img.Z

6. Compress (gzip) and archive the full scene image to 4mm DAT tape, then
remove from online disk:

gzip avhrr96pPP.img
mt -f /dev/rmt/0cn fsf <#>
tar cvf /dev/rmt/0cn avhrr96pPP.img.gz
rm avhrr96pPP.img.gz

7. Copy the most current yearly "USGS-EDC-AVHRR Dataset README" file off CD for
inclusion in the online SIMS IAF metadata file (avhrr96.dbf) for the images
(note, must also convert from DOS to Unix file):

dos2unix /cdrom/cdrom0/readme.1st avhrr96readme.1st

8. Copy the "Date of Acquisition by Pixel" attribute file off each CD, then
split by biweekly period for inclusion in GIS/RS Metadata Abstract file
(avhrr96pPPnm.mda), and merge by year for inclusion in SIMS IAF metadata
file (avhrr96.dbf):

dos2unix /cdrom/cdrom0/geom/date.att avhrr96pPP-PPdate.att

/db/local/imagery/bincom/batch_avhrr_split_dateatt.csh, which calls:
/db/local/imagery/bincom/avhrr_split_dateatt.csh

/db/local/imagery/bincom/avhrr_concat_dates.csh 96 > avhrr96date.att

9. Generate (this) SIMS IAF metadata file (i.e., avhrr96.dbf) using template
file (avhrr_dbf.tmpl), appending readme file (avhrr96readme.1st), and date
file (avhrr96date.att).

10. Generate GIS/RS Metadata Abstract file for each image, and put with
image in appropriate directory (/db/archive/imagery/avhrr/avhrr96pPP/):

/db/local/imagery/bincom/get_avhrr_dates.csh 96 avhrr96.dbf 97 \
> avhrr96periods.txt

/db/local/imagery/bincom/batch_make_avhrr_abstract.csh avhrr96periods.txt
which calls:
/db/local/imagery/bincom/make_avhrr_abstract.csh


##############################################################
VII. APPENDIX I - USGS EDC Metadata

THE 1996 CONTERMINOUS U.S. AVHRR BIWEEKLY COMPOSITES
TABLE OF CONTENTS


Page
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data Set Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scene Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Satellite and Solar Viewing Geometry. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radiometric Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. . . . . . . . . . . .
Date of Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Geometric Registration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compositing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CD-ROM Organization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .




THE 1996 CONTERMINOUS U.S. AVHRR BIWEEKLY COMPOSITES

INTRODUCTION
In 1987, the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC), in Sioux Falls,
South Dakota, began receiving Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)
data from NOAA polar-orbiting satellites. The central location of the EDC in
the United States enables direct reception of all AVHRR overpasses of the
lower 48 States, as well as much of Canada and Mexico. Early in the 1990
growing season the EDC started acquiring NOAA-11 AVHRR 1-km resolution daily
observations to produce weekly and biweekly maximum normalized difference
vegetation index (NDVI) composites of the conterminous United States
(Eidenshink, 1992). The objective of the vegetation mapping program is to
compile, annually, a comprehensive series of calibrated, georegistered, daily
observations, and biweekly maximum NDVI composites. These data are being
published on CD-ROM for distribution of the data set. These data sets can be
used in environmental monitoring and global climate change studies.

The vegetation diversity of the conterminous United States provides
opportunities for using both AVHRR data and the NDVI for monitoring vegetation
condition in several different ecosystems, including forests, agricultural
crops, and grasslands. The data set provides a comprehensive growing season
profile of these ecosystems, is extremely useful for assessing seasonal
variations in vegetation conditions, and provides a foundation for studying
long-term changes resulting from human or natural factors.




DATA SET CHARACTERISTICS
The data set is composed of twenty-six 14-day maximum NDVI composites, created
from nearly 400 NOAA-14 images. The 26 core composite periods represent a
continuous period from January 05, 1996 to January 2, 1997. The 1996 data set
is available as a set of seven CD-ROM's. Each of the first six discs has four
biweekly composites and miscellaneous data that are described later in this file.
The seventh disc of the 1996 CD-ROM series contains a biweekly composite, some
daily observation AVHRR scenes selected from key periods during the 1996 growing
season, and NDVI statistics of all counties in the conterminous United States
for each composite period. The daily observations were selected at the end of
the 1996 growing season and are identified and described on the seventh disc.

Each daily observation includes nine bands of information: AVHRR channels 1-5,
NDVI, satellite zenith, solar zenith, and relative azimuth. The daily
observations have been calibrated to reflectance, scaled to byte data, and
geometrically registered to the Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area map projection.

Each 14-day composite includes 10 bands of information, the 9 bands described
above for each daily observation and a 10th band, which is a pointer to
identify the date of the source daily observation scene. The data for each
pixel in the composite are extracted from the daily observation scene on the
basis of the maximum NDVI compositing process.


The 14-day composite periods for 1996 were:
____________________________________________________
Period Date of coverage Julian day
____________________________________________________

1 01/05 - 01/18/1996 005 - 018
2 01/19 - 02/01/1996 019 - 032
3 02/02 - 02/15/1996 033 - 046
4 02/16 - 02/29/1996 047 - 060
5 03/01 - 03/14/1996 061 - 074
6 03/15 - 03/28/1996 075 - 088
7 03/29 - 04/11/1996 089 - 102
8 04/12 - 04/25/1996 103 - 116
9 04/26 - 05/09/1996 117 - 130
10 05/10 - 05/23/1996 131 - 144
11 05/24 - 06/06/1996 145 - 158
12 06/07 - 06/20/1996 159 - 172
13 06/21 - 07/04/1996 173 - 186
14 07/05 - 07/18/1996 187 - 200
15 07/19 - 08/01/1996 201 - 214
16 08/02 - 08/15/1996 215 - 228
17 08/16 - 08/29/1996 229 - 242
18 08/30 - 09/12/1996 243 - 256
19 09/13 - 09/26/1996 257 - 270
20 09/27 - 10/10/1996 271 - 284
21 10/11 - 10/24/1996 285 - 298
22 10/25 - 11/07/1996 299 - 312
23 11/08 - 11/21/1996 313 - 326
24 11/22 - 12/05/1996 327 - 340
25 12/06 - 12/19/1996 341 - 354
26 12/20 - 01/02/1997 355 - 002
____________________________________________________
The image dimensions of each band are 2,889 lines and 4,587 samples (13
megabytes).

NOTE: Prior to the 1994 image compositing the format of the Land Analysis
System (LAS) files contained a 512 byte header record followed by data blocked
into 512 byte segments for each line. As a result the dimension increased to
4,608 samples. The LAS software package no longer has this criteria. Actual
image data is processed and reported as 2,889 lines by 4,587 samples.



PROCEDURES
The sections that follow describe the data processing flow that was used at
the EDC to create a composite data set. All image processing was conducted
using Land Analysis System (Ailts and others, 1990) software.

Scene Selection
Cloud-free AVHRR observations of the land surface are necessary for monitoring
the vegetation conditions. A single AVHRR overpass is seldom completely cloud
free. Holben (1986) showed that compositing AVHRR data acquired over several
days produces spatially continuous cloud-free images over large areas with
sufficient temporal resolution to study green vegetation dynamics. The
duration of consecutive daily observations is called the compositing period.
On a daily basis during a composite period, each observation of NOAA-14 data
over the conterminous United States was evaluated for cloud cover. Typically,
there are two satellite overpasses per day, one over the eastern portion of
North America and a second pass over the western part of the continent. Every
image that provided a clear observation of a large ground surface area at
reasonable nadir viewing angles is included in the composite. On an average,
18 daily observations per biweekly period are included in the composite.

Satellite and Solar Viewing Geometry
The availability of the viewing geometry information allows studies on the
effects of off-nadir viewing and the investigation of potential data
correction techniques. The solar zenith angle is used during the calibration
process to correct the solar illumination variability along an orbit.

The computation of the solar and satellite geometry is a process that derives
the satellite zenith, solar zenith, and relative azimuth angle for each image
pixel. The relative azimuth is the absolute difference between the satellite
and solar azimuth angles. The computed angles do not exceed 180 degrees. A
separate image band is created for each of these three angle computations.

The satellite zenith angle is computed in degrees, in which nadir is
represented as 90 degrees. Therefore, values less than 90 degrees represent
view angles in the back scattered (easterly) direction and values greater than
90 represent the forward scatter (westerly) direction. Note that the
effective field of view of the satellite is approximately 55 degrees each side
of nadir, but computed satellite zenith angles can exceed 55 degrees because
of the curvature of the Earth.

The relative azimuth angle is computed as the absolute difference between the
solar azimuth and the satellite azimuth angles. The computed values are in
the 0 - 180 range. The relative azimuth angle is computed instead of separate
azimuth angles because only the absolute difference between the azimuth angles
is required for atmospheric correction algorithms. Also, saving only the
computed relative azimuth angle requires only one band in a daily observation
and composite image instead of two, which reduces the image storage
requirements on CD-ROM.

Radiometric Calibration
Radiometric calibration of the AVHRR visible and near-infrared channels
(channels 1 and 2) is an important consideration because there is poor
preflight calibration, no onboard calibration, and difficulty with in-flight
calibration. Preflight calibration coefficients can change while the
instrument is in storage, or after launch, because of the space environment.
Degradation of AVHRR sensors after launch has been well documented (Rao, 1987;
Price, 1987; Holben and others, 1990). It was determined shortly after launch
that the prelaunch coefficients provided by NOAA were not useful. Changes in
the response of Channel 1 after the launch were evident.

EDC's ADAPS processing system converts raw digital counts c to percent
surface reflectance R by

R = (d*d/z)*kb(c-C),

where

d is the earth-sun distance in astronomical units,
z is the cosine of the solar zenith angle,
k is 100 times the inverse of the mean solar flux through the
bandpass, given in units of square meters microns per watts
(the factor of 100 converts the reflectance to percent
reflectance),
b is the channel's gain coefficient in units of watts per
square meter per micron per digital count, and
C is the deep space digital count.

The inverse of the instrument gain coefficient and the deep space digital
count are obtained from quadratic functions of time t, which is specified
in units of days since launch:

1/b = a_2*t*t + a_1*t + a_0,
and
C = e_2*t*t + e_1*t + e_0.

A look-up table gives the values of k and the quadratic coefficients
(a_0, a_1, a_2; e_0, e_1, e_2) for each AVHRR sensor along with the
time period over which these values are valid (Table 1 gives these values
for NOAA-14). The values of the quadratic coefficients are derived from
a variety of calibration studies (Teillet and Holben, 1994).

Reflectance values for channels 1 and 2 were converted to byte data, where
the range 0 - 254 represents 0 to 63.5 percent reflectance. The value
255 corresponds to reflectance greater than 63.5 percent. Any feature
with greater than 63 percent reflectance is considered to be bright and
non-vegetative.



TABLE 1: NOAA-14's inverse mean solar fluxes and quadratic calibration
coefficients for the inverse instrument gain coefficient and the
deep space digital count.

CHANNEL k a_0 a_1 a_2 e_0 e_1 e_2 VALID TIME PERIOD
------- ----- ---- --- --- ---- --- --- -----------------
1 0.196 1.71 0.0 0.0 41.0 0.0 0.0 launch -> present
2 0.305 2.13 0.0 0.0 41.0 0.0 0.0 launch -> present

The calibration coefficients for AVHRR thermal channels 3, 4, and 5 are
derived onboard the satellite using a view of a stable black body and deep
space as a reference (Kidwell, 1991). The calibration process converts raw
data values to energy (milliwatts/m**2-steradian-cm-1) using the following
formula:

E=a+bc
where:
E is energy,
a is the intercept,
b is the gain coefficient, and
c is the digital count.

Energy is converted to brightness temperature using the inverse of Planck's
radiation function. The brightness temperatures are represented in Kelvin
units. A scaling factor was used to convert the brightness temperatures to
byte data. A scaling factor of 202.5 is subtracted from the brightness
temperature value and the difference is multiplied by 2 to maintain one half
percent accuracy (i.e., a brightness temperature of 280 becomes 155).

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
The NDVI is the difference of near-infrared (channel 2) and visible
(channel 1) reflectance values normalized over the sum of channels 1 and 2
(NIR-VIS)/(NIR+VIS). The NDVI equation produces values in the range of -1.0
to 1.0, where increasing positive values indicate increasing green vegetation
and negative values indicate nonvegetated surface features such as water,
barren, ice, snow, or clouds. The NDVI can be derived at several points in
the processing flow. To retain the most precision, the NDVI is derived after
calibration of channels 1 and 2, prior to scaling to byte range. Computation
of the NDVI must precede geometric registration and resampling to maintain
precision in this calculation.

To scale the computed NDVI results to byte data range, the NDVI computed
value, which ranges from -1.0 to 1.0, is scaled to the range of 0 to 200,
where computed -1.0 equals 0, computed 0 equals 100, and computed 1.0 equals
200. As a result, NDVI values less than 100 now represent clouds, snow,
water, and other nonvegetative surfaces and values equal to or greater than
100 represent vegetative surfaces.


Date of Acquisition
The date of acquisition images are provided to allow a user to identify the
specific daily observation used for each pixel. The date images for each
composite identify each daily image as a unique value. The unique value is
linked to an inventory of the daily observations. A complete list of daily
observations used in each composite period is on this CD-ROM under the \GEOM
directory in file DATE.ATT.

Geometric Registration
The process of compositing daily observations for each biweekly period
required each daily overpass to be registered to a common map projection to
ensure that, from day to day, each 1-km pixel represented the same ground
location. The map projection chosen for the data is the Lambert Azimuthal
Equal Area. This projection is appropriate for the North American Continent
because of its visual presentation and equal area characteristic, which allows
easy measurement of area throughout the data set.

To perform the image-to-image registration of the data a base image was
developed as a reference. Tests have shown that the best way to prepare the
base image is to register individual daily orbits to an accurate base map.
The map base used is the hydrography layer of the U.S. Geological Survey
1:2,000,000-scale digital line graph (DLG). The features in the DLG data,
such as water bodies, rivers, and streams, are identifiable features in the
AVHRR 1-km data. The DLG data are rasterized to 1-km cells and registered to
the Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection before being used as the map base
for the data.

Approximately 20 near-nadir cloud-free segments of NOAA-11 channel 2 daily
observations from the 1989 and 1990 growing season are manually registered to
the DLG data. Each segment is verified for accuracy (root-mean-square error
less than 1 pixel). The segments are digitally mosaicked to produce a single
base image of the conterminous United States for registering the 1996 growing
season data. The accuracy of this base image is verified with a
root-mean-square error less than 1 pixel. Table 1 provides details on
projection parameters.

Table 2. Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area (LAZEA) projection
_______________________________________________________________
Parameters:
Radius of sphere 6,370,997.0 meters
Longitude of central meridian 100 00 00 West
Latitude of origin 45 00 00 North
False easting 0
False northing 0
Units of measure meters
Pixel size 1,000 meters
For the conterminous United States (1996)
Center of pixel (1,1) ( -2050000, 752000 )
Number of lines 2,889
Number of samples 4,587
LAZEA minimum bounding rectangle:
In projection meters:
Lower left ( -2050500, -2136500 )
Upper left ( -2050500, 752500 )
Upper right ( 2536500, 752500 )
Lower right ( 2536500, -2136500 )
In decimal degrees of longitude and latitude:
Lower left ( -119.9722899 23.5837576 )
Upper left ( -128.5300591 48.4030555 )
Upper right ( -65.3946489 46.7048989 )
Lower right ( -75.4163527 22.4793919 )

In degrees, minutes, and seconds of longitude and latitude:
Lower left ( -119 58 20 23 35 02 )
Upper left ( -128 31 48 48 24 11 )
Upper right ( -65 23 41 46 42 18 )
Lower right ( -75 24 59 22 28 46 )
________________________________________________________________
Each daily observation for the 1996 growing season is registered to the base
image using image-to-image correlation. To improve overall registration
accuracy, 150 samples are eliminated from each edge of the raw data image.
The 150 samples represent the most extreme off-nadir pixels and are often the
source of error in the image correlation process. Then, the channel 2 data
for each daily observation are transformed using the satellite orbit model.
Next, correlation of the original image to the reference image is performed
using a set of 255 selected ground control points. If most of the ground
control points are cloud covered in the daily observation, no correlation is
defined and the image is rejected. Otherwise, the correlation is determined
and the satellite transformation coefficients from the orbital model are
revised. Then the raw data (channels 1 - 5), NDVI, and satellite geometry
data are transformed using the revised coefficients and nearest neighbor
resampling.

Compositing
The method for determining the portion of each overpass to be included in the
composite image was to retain pixels having the highest NDVI values. The NDVI
was examined pixel by pixel for each overpass within the biweekly compositing
period to determine the maximum value.

The retention of the highest NDVI value reduces the number of
cloud-contaminated pixels because values for clouds and cloud shadows are
generally less than 100 (in the byte-scaled data) and clear day observations
of vegetated surfaces are equal to or greater than 100 (in the byte-scaled
data). The result is a near cloud-free image that depicts the maximum
vegetative greenness for the compositing period. No data are selected from
the portion of an observation where the solar zenith angle is greater than
eighty degrees. Angles greater than eighty degrees portray a view of the
terminator or of darkness and can provide erroneous data. This circumstance
will only occur in extreme northern latitudes in the winter.

The product of the compositing process was a 10-band image that included the
maximum NDVI value for each pixel during the composite period, the channels
1-5 and satellite viewing geometry data from the chosen daily observations,
and a pointer value that identified the satellite overpass from which that
pixel was taken. Table 2 lists the data included in each of the 10 bands.

Table 3. Band description of composite images
__________________________________________________________________
Band Description | Band Description
__________________________________________________________________

1 AVHRR channel 1 | 6 NDVI
2 AVHRR channel 2 | 7 Satellite zenith
3 AVHRR channel 3 | 8 Solar zenith
4 AVHRR channel 4 | 9 Relative azimuth
5 AVHRR channel 5 | 10 Date
__________________________________________________________________

The date of acquisition pointer is provided to allow a user to identify the
specific AVHRR daily observation (satellite scene number) used for each pixel.
To determine the date and scene number, first identify the date pointer value
for the pixel within a composite period, then use the reference table in file
DATE.ATT to determine the scene number.

Miscellaneous Data
When displaying large areas with AVHRR data, an overlay or mask of familiar
linework, such as county boundaries, can be used as a location aid. Several
images are included in the \MISC directory to provide location information.
All of the linework images represent lines in raster format as 1-km cells.
These data sets include climatic division boundaries (CDLINES), major land
resource areas boundaries (LRALINES), county boundaries (CTYLINES), and water
bodies (WATERMSK). The climatic division lines were digitized from NOAA base
maps. The county lines are a modified version of the 1:2,000,000-scale DLG
data. The major land resource area boundaries were digitized from the U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service (1981) maps.

The linework in the CDLINES and LRALINES images is coded at the byte value
255. In the CTYLINES image, the county boundaries identified by the coasts
and international borders are at value 253, the county borders that are
coincident with State borders are at value 254, and other county boundaries
are at value 255. This variable coding provides the capability to display
coastal, State, or county boundaries from the same image. The water bodies
image has two unique identifiers. Water has a 0 value and land has a value
of 1.

Also included are three raster polygon images that can be used in an overlay
process where histograms or descriptive statistics could be computed for the
NDVI values within a polygon. These images include counties (CTYPOLY), major
land resource areas (LRAPOLY), and climatic divisions (CDPOLY).

Each polygon is in raster format and has a unique numeric identifier. Images
that include more than 256 unique polygons are stored in I*2 integer (16 bit)
format.

The attribute information that identifies or characterizes each polygon is
included under the \MISC directory. The attributes for the major land
resource area polygons are in LRAPOLY.ATT. The fields in the file are

polyid -- the unique polygon identification number
mlra -- the major land resource area (MLRA) identification code used by
the Soil Conservation Service
lratext -- text description of the MLRA used by the Soil Conservation
Service

The unique polygon identification number for the climatic division polygons
can be parsed into the State and climatic division number within that State.
For example, climatic district one in Arizona is polygon number 401. The 4 is
the Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) State identification number
for Arizona, and the 01 identifies the polygon as division one. Climatic
district one in Oklahoma is polygon number 4001, where 40 is the FIPS State
code and 01 is division one.


The attributes for the county polygons are in CTYPOLY.ATT. The fields in the
file are

cntyid -- the unique polygon identification number
npixels -- the number of pixels in each county
FIPS -- the FIPS State and county code for each county
cname -- the county name
sname -- the State name

One of the standard products calculated from the conterminous U.S. AVHRR data
set is a statistical summary of the NDVI, by county, for each composite
period. The statistical summaries for all 1996 compositing periods are
available on the seventh disc. The statistical summary can be imported to a
spreadsheet and a graph can be created to show seasonal NDVI profiles. The
statistical summary is linked to the CTYPOLY image by the key attribute CNTYID
that is included in the CTYPOLY.ATT. This summary can be merged with the
CTYPOLY image for representation in image form.

The statistical summary for each composite period is stored in separate tables
with a standard naming convention (CNTYP01.DAT is the table for period 1,
CNTYP02.DAT for period 2, and so on). These tables are 80-character ASCII
files with the following attributes and format:

___________________________________________________________________________
Col # Fortran stmt. Description Definition
___________________________________________________________________________
1- 4 i4 CNTYID Unique identifier for
each county polygon
5-10 1x,i5 FIPS FIPS code
11-18 1x,f7.2 MEAN Mean NDVI (with clouds,
water, negative NDVI not
counted)
19-22 1x,i3 %USED The portion of all pixels
in county which are counted.
23-30 1x,f7.3 SD Standard deviation
31-34 1x,i3 MIN Minimum value in county
35-38 1x,i3 MAX Maximum value in county
39-46 1x,f7.2 MEDIAN Median value
47-50 1x,i3 MODE Mode value
51-54 1x,i3 PERIOD # Composite period number
___________________________________________________________________________

The NDVI statistics are calculated for each county after clouded pixels, water
bodies, and negative NDVI values (the 0 - 100 range of the scaled NDVI) are
masked out. The cloud screening is done independently (and is not applied to
image data on the CD-ROM) by using a threshold value of 240 for the sum of
channels 1 and 2 (values greater than 240 are considered clouds). The cloud-
screening technique includes an added indicator, the attribute %USED. The
attribute %USED represents the proportion of the pixels in a county (excluding
water bodies) that were counted in the computation. A low value in this
attribute can indicate cloud contamination.

Added to the miscellaneous image file was the surface water bodies mask.
These water bodies were separated using channel 2 from daily AVHRR scenes.
Cloud-free scenes were selected through a visual quality assessment of the
images. After a threshold between land and water values was identified, a
binary mask was computed and the water bodies data was added to a land
characteristic data base. Approximately 50 AVHRR scenes were used to create
the mask. Unique numeric identifiers were used in the raster formatted
polygons - water has the value of 0 and land has the value of 1.

Table 4. A list of miscellaneous image file characteristics
__________________________________________________________
Name Type Bands Lines Samples
__________________________________________________________
LRAPOLY I*2 1 2,889 4,587
LRALINES Byte 1 2,889 4,587
CDPOLY I*2 1 2,889 4,587
CDLINES Byte 1 2,889 4,587
CTYPOLY I*2 1 2,889 4,587
CTYLINES Byte 1 2,889 4,587
WATERMSK Byte 1 2,889 4,587
__________________________________________________________


CD-ROM ORGANIZATION

A large volume of data was generated during the construction of this data
base. The data stored on each CD-ROM required ten 6,250-bpi magnetic tapes.
The data are organized in a directory structure that logically separates the
data components. This structure is:

README.1ST
\AVHRR
README \LABELS \IMAGES
\NDVI
README \LABELS \IMAGES
\GEOM
README \LABELS \IMAGES
\MISC
README \LABELS \IMAGES
\DEMO
README
\SOFTWARE
README

Each directory on the disc contains data that are similar in type. Each
directory also contains an ASCII text file (README) that details the contents
of the directory.

The data files and LAS header files (files with name extensions .DDR) are in
the \IMAGES subdirectories, and the image label files are in the \LABELS
subdirectories. To get a quick start looking at the image files, label files
for each image are included in the \LABELS directory using the same file name
as the image file it describes in the \IMAGES subdirectory. These label files
were designed for use by the public domain MS-DOS personal computer IMDISP
image display software developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in
Pasadena, California. IMDISP users can access the images on this CD-ROM by
selecting the image name in the \LABELS subdirectory, which automatically
accesses the header information required by the software to retrieve the image
data. The data dimensions of each band are 2,889 lines and 4,587 samples (13
megabytes).

The \AVHRR directory contains the five channels of AVHRR data associated with
the four biweekly composites on each CD-ROM. Each band of each biweekly
composite file is uniquely named using the convention
P01CH1.IMG
where P01 identifies composite period 1 and CH1 identifies the image as
channel 1. The daily observations on the seventh disc are named using the
same convention, with D01 referring to the first daily observation. The image
files are stored in the \IMAGES subdirectory.

The \NDVI directory contains the single band computed NDVI for the biweekly
AVHRR composite data sets and is named using the convention:
P01NDVI.IMG
where P01 identifies composite period 1 and NDVI identifies the image as a
vegetation index image. The seventh disc contains a December 2-week composite
period P25NDVI and some daily observation scenes. The image files are stored
in the \IMAGES subdirectory.

The \GEOM directory contains the satellite and solar zenith and relative
azimuth information for each pixel in the AVHRR composite images. This
directory also contains the date images for each of the composites, as well as
the DATE.ATT attribute file.

The \MISC directory contains the political (CTYLINES, CTYPOLY), climatic
divisions (CDLINES, CDPOLY), and land resource area (LRALINES, LRAPOLY) raster
line and polygon images, which are useful for display or in digital analysis
procedures. Attribute files related to these are included as files
CTYPOLY.ATT and LRAPOLY.ATT.

The \DEMO directory contains a batch job that runs under DOS and uses the
display program, IMDISP. This program displays images from the 1990
Conterminous U.S. AVHRR Biweekly Composites set. The display files are
compressed samples of these images. To initiate the demo program, enter
"DEMO" at the DOS prompt.

The \SOFTWARE directory contains programs to allow the PC-DOS user to display
and interact with the digital images on the CD's. These public domain
programs include

IMDISP - An image display program developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion
Laboratory. The most recent version is included on this disc. See
the IMDISP documentation file IMDISP.DOC, located in the \SOFTWARE
directory, and use the IMDISP help command for further details.

CONVERT - A conversion program included with IMDISP that allows the
conversion of a raster image to integer, byte, nibble, or binary
format.

COPIM - A copy program that allows copying all or portions of a raster
image and puts IMDISP compatible label records at the front of the
image.

COMBINE - A utility for combining two or more images as a single new image.
This utility has options to:

1. Combine up to three separate images into a single new
black-and-white image and also create a customized color
palette of up to 255 colors that, along with the new combined
image, allows a color simulation of a 3-band false color
composite image suitable for display on an 8-bit PC color
monitor; these colors are a very close approximation of how the
image would appear on a 24-bit color display.

2. Automatically "stretch" or brighten an existing palette.

3. Embed one image (such as raster
linework) within a second image.

The resultant images and palettes created by
the COMBINE utility are compatible with the
IMDISP display program. It takes approximately
4 minutes to process a 512 lines by 512
samples, 3-image false color composite when the
input and output images are on hard disk. To
run this utility type COMBINE and respond to
the prompts requesting the input image names,
output image name, and output palette name.

LL2LAM - Converts latitude and longitude coordinates to Lambert Azimuthal
Equal Area projection coordinates.

LAM2LL - Converts Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection coordinates to
latitude and longitude coordinates.

LL2LS - Converts latitude and longitude to line and sample coordinates in
the Conterminous U.S. AVHRR data set. This data set is in the
Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection.

LS2LL - Converts line and sample coordinates in the Conterminous U.S.
AVHRR data set to latitude and longitude.

There are no restrictions on making copies of IMDISP or any of the other
public domain programs for use on other PC's or with other raster images.

* NOTE: Prior to displaying any of the following images with IMDISP, the
command "SET SWAP" must be run to reset the display for 16-bit
integer data. This command must be run after the image has been
selected with the IMDISP "FILES" command.

CTYPOLY.LBL - County polygon data
CDPOLY.LBL - Climatic polygon data
LRAPOLY.LBL - LRA polygon data
DEM.LBL - Digital elevation data

For more information please contact Customer Services, EROS Data Center, U.S.
Geological Survey, Sioux Falls, SD 57198, (605)594-6151, FAX (605)594-6589.



REFERENCES

Ailts, B., Akkerman, D., Quirk, B., and Steinwand, D., 1990, LAS 5.0 -- an
image processing system for research and production environments:
American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing-American Congress
on Surveying and Mapping Annual Convention, Denver, Colorado,
March 18-23, 1990, Proceedings, v. 4, p. 1-12.

Eidenshink, J.C., 1992, The 1990 conterminous U.S. AVHRR data set:
Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, vol. 58, no. 6,
pp. 809-813.

Holben, B.N., 1986, Characteristics of maximum-value composite images from
temporal AVHRR data: The International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 7,
no. 11, p. 1417.

Holben, B.N., Kaufman, Y.J., and Kendall, J.D., 1990, NOAA-11 AVHRR visible
and near-IR in-flight calibration: The International Journal of Remote
Sensing, v. 11, no. 8, p. 1511.

Kidwell, K.B., 1991, NOAA Polar Orbiter Data Users' Guide: National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, World Weather Building, Room 100,
Washington, D.C.

Price, John C., 1987, Calibration of satellite radiometers and the comparison
of vegetation indices: Remote Sensing of the Environment, v. 21, no.
15, pp. 15-27.

Rao, Nagaraja C. R., 1987, Pre-launch calibration of channels 1 and 2 of
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer: NOAA Technical Report NESDIS
36, Satellite Research Laboratory, National Environmental Satellite,
Data, and Information Service, Washington, D.C., 62 p.

Teillet, P.M. and Holben, B.N., 1994, Towards Operational Radiometric
Calibration of NOAA AVHRR Imagery in the Visible and Near-Infrared
Channels, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 20, no. 1, pp. 1-10.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1981, Land resource
regions and major land resource areas of the United States: Agricultural
Handbook 296, 156 p.



Acknowledgments

A number of individuals contributed to the successful completion of the AVHRR
Conterminous U.S. composite data, including various operations staff and
digital data production scientists. Jesslyn F. Brown and Richard A. McKinney
provided excellent technical reviews.



Jeffery C. Eidenshink

Mary C. Weinheimer

Michael E. Madigan


##############################################################
VIII. APPENDIX II - Pixel Date Attribute Table


PERIOD INDEX SCENEID Date GMT
------ ----- ---------------- ------- --------
1 1 ah14010596182049 01-05-96 18:20:49
2 ah14010596214636 01-05-96 21:46:36
3 ah14010596200025 01-05-96 20:00:25
4 ah14010696181020 01-06-96 18:10:20
5 ah14010696194930 01-06-96 19:49:30
6 ah14010696213430 01-06-96 21:34:30
7 ah14010896174939 01-08-96 17:49:39
8 ah14010896211108 01-08-96 21:11:08
9 ah14010996173928 01-09-96 17:39:28
10 ah14010996205936 01-09-96 20:59:36
11 ah14011096190615 01-10-96 19:06:15
12 ah14011096204818 01-10-96 20:48:18
13 ah14011196203703 01-11-96 20:37:03
14 ah14010796193837 01-07-96 19:38:37
15 ah14010896192744 01-08-96 19:27:44
16 ah14010996191652 01-09-96 19:16:52
17 ah14010796212241 01-07-96 21:22:41
101 ah14011296184452 01-12-96 18:44:52
102 ah14011296202550 01-12-96 20:25:50
103 ah14011596195230 01-15-96 19:52:30
104 ah14011596213748 01-15-96 21:37:48
105 ah14011696194136 01-16-96 19:41:36
106 ah14011696212558 01-16-96 21:25:58
107 ah14011796175236 01-17-96 17:52:36
108 ah14011796211424 01-17-96 21:14:24
109 ah14011896191952 01-18-96 19:19:52
110 ah14011896210253 01-18-96 21:02:53
111 ah14011396183419 01-13-96 18:34:19
112 ah14011396201437 01-13-96 20:14:37
113 ah14011496182348 01-14-96 18:23:48
114 ah14011496200341 01-14-96 20:03:41
2 1 ah14011996191145 01-19-96 19:11:45
2 ah14012096204007 01-20-96 20:40:07
3 ah14012196184753 01-21-96 18:47:53
4 ah14012296183720 01-22-96 18:37:20
5 ah14012296201741 01-22-96 20:17:41
6 ah14012396182649 01-23-96 18:26:49
7 ah14012396200645 01-23-96 20:06:45
8 ah14012496181619 01-24-96 18:16:19
9 ah14012496195534 01-24-96 19:55:34
10 ah14012496214109 01-24-96 21:41:09
11 ah14012596194439 01-25-96 19:44:39
12 ah14012596212918 01-25-96 21:29:18
101 ah14012696193346 01-26-96 19:33:46
102 ah14012696211729 01-26-96 21:17:29
103 ah14012796192253 01-27-96 19:22:53
104 ah14012796210557 01-27-96 21:05:57
105 ah14012896173459 01-28-96 17:34:59
106 ah14012896191217 01-28-96 19:12:17
107 ah14012896205440 01-28-96 20:54:40
108 ah14012996172450 01-29-96 17:24:50
109 ah14012996190127 01-29-96 19:01:27
110 ah14012996204310 01-29-96 20:43:10
111 ah14013096203156 01-30-96 20:31:56
112 ah14013196184020 01-31-96 18:40:20
113 ah14013196202043 01-31-96 20:20:43
114 ah14020196182932 02-01-96 18:29:32
115 ah14020196200945 02-01-96 20:09:45
3 1 ah14020296181903 02-02-96 18:19:03
2 ah14020296195834 02-02-96 19:58:34
3 ah14020296214427 02-02-96 21:44:27
4 ah14020396180847 02-03-96 18:08:47
5 ah14020396194739 02-03-96 19:47:39
6 ah14020396213221 02-03-96 21:32:21
7 ah14020496175818 02-04-96 17:58:18
8 ah14020496193645 02-04-96 19:36:45
9 ah14020496212047 02-04-96 21:20:47
10 ah14020596174806 02-05-96 17:48:06
11 ah14020596192553 02-05-96 19:25:53
12 ah14020596210914 02-05-96 21:09:14
13 ah14020696173755 02-06-96 17:37:55
14 ah14020696191501 02-06-96 19:15:01
15 ah14020696205742 02-06-96 20:57:42
16 ah14020796190425 02-07-96 19:04:25
17 ah14020896185351 02-08-96 18:53:51
18 ah14020896203456 02-08-96 20:34:56
101 ah14020996184302 02-09-96 18:43:02
102 ah14020996202357 02-09-96 20:23:57
103 ah14021096183230 02-10-96 18:32:30
104 ah14021096201245 02-10-96 20:12:45
105 ah14021196182158 02-11-96 18:21:58
106 ah14021196200134 02-11-96 20:01:34
107 ah14021196214744 02-11-96 21:47:44
108 ah14021296181128 02-12-96 18:11:28
109 ah14021296195038 02-12-96 19:50:38
110 ah14021296213538 02-12-96 21:35:38
111 ah14021396180114 02-13-96 18:01:14
112 ah14021396193944 02-13-96 19:39:44
113 ah14021396212348 02-13-96 21:23:48
114 ah14021496192851 02-14-96 19:28:51
115 ah14021496211214 02-14-96 21:12:14
116 ah14021596191801 02-15-96 19:18:01
117 ah14021596210044 02-15-96 21:00:44
4 1 ah14021696190725 02-16-96 19:07:25
2 ah14021696204928 02-16-96 20:49:28
3 ah14021796185635 02-17-96 18:56:35
4 ah14021796203813 02-17-96 20:38:13
5 ah14021896184601 02-18-96 18:46:01
6 ah14021896202659 02-18-96 20:26:59
7 ah14021996183529 02-19-96 18:35:29
8 ah14021996201546 02-19-96 20:15:46
9 ah14022096200435 02-20-96 20:04:35
10 ah14022096182457 02-20-96 18:24:57
11 ah14022196181427 02-21-96 18:14:27
12 ah14022196195339 02-21-96 19:53:39
13 ah14022296194244 02-22-96 19:42:44
14 ah14022296212706 02-22-96 21:27:06
101 ah14022396193151 02-23-96 19:31:51
102 ah14022396211532 02-23-96 21:15:32
103 ah14022496192059 02-24-96 19:20:59
104 ah14022496210359 02-24-96 21:03:59
105 ah14022596173323 02-25-96 17:33:23
106 ah14022596205228 02-25-96 20:52:28
107 ah14022596191023 02-25-96 19:10:23
108 ah14022696185933 02-26-96 18:59:33
109 ah14022696204113 02-26-96 20:41:13
110 ah14022796203112 02-27-96 20:31:12
111 ah14022796184859 02-27-96 18:48:59
112 ah14022896201440 02-28-96 20:14:40
113 ah14022896183826 02-28-96 18:38:26
114 ah14022896201846 02-28-96 20:18:46
115 ah14022996215419 02-29-96 21:54:19
116 ah14022996182753 02-29-96 18:27:53
117 ah14022996200748 02-29-96 20:07:48
5 1 ah14030196181722 03-01-96 18:17:22
2 ah14030196195637 03-01-96 19:56:37
3 ah14030196214211 03-01-96 21:42:11
4 ah14030296213021 03-02-96 21:30:21
5 ah14030396175639 03-03-96 17:56:39
6 ah14030396193054 03-03-96 19:30:54
7 ah14030496174612 03-04-96 17:46:12
8 ah14030496192355 03-04-96 19:23:55
9 ah14030496210658 03-04-96 21:06:58
10 ah14030296194140 03-02-96 19:41:40
11 ah14030596173601 03-05-96 17:36:01
12 ah14030596191318 03-05-96 19:13:18
13 ah14030596205541 03-05-96 20:55:41
14 ah14030696204411 03-06-96 20:44:11
15 ah14030696190228 03-06-96 19:02:28
16 ah14030796185153 03-07-96 18:51:53
17 ah14030396193448 03-03-96 19:34:48
101 ah14030896184104 03-08-96 18:41:04
102 ah14030896202142 03-08-96 20:21:42
103 ah14030996182806 03-09-96 18:28:06
104 ah14030996201044 03-09-96 20:10:44
105 ah14031096182001 03-10-96 18:20:01
106 ah14031096195933 03-10-96 19:59:33
107 ah14031096214525 03-10-96 21:45:25
108 ah14031196180945 03-11-96 18:09:45
109 ah14031196194837 03-11-96 19:48:37
110 ah14031196213319 03-11-96 21:33:19
111 ah14031296175916 03-12-96 17:59:16
112 ah14031296193743 03-12-96 19:37:43
113 ah14031296212144 03-12-96 21:21:44
114 ah14031396174904 03-13-96 17:49:04
115 ah14031396192250 03-13-96 19:22:50
116 ah14031396211010 03-13-96 21:10:10
117 ah14031496173854 03-14-96 17:38:54
118 ah14031496191559 03-14-96 19:15:59
119 ah14031496205839 03-14-96 20:58:39
6 1 ah14031596190523 03-15-96 19:05:23
2 ah14031596204723 03-15-96 20:47:23
3 ah14031696185448 03-16-96 18:54:48
4 ah14031696203553 03-16-96 20:35:53
5 ah14031796184359 03-17-96 18:43:59
6 ah14031796202454 03-17-96 20:24:54
7 ah14031896183237 03-18-96 18:32:37
8 ah14031896200943 03-18-96 20:09:43
9 ah14031996182255 03-19-96 18:22:55
10 ah14031996200230 03-19-96 20:02:30
11 ah14031996214825 03-19-96 21:48:25
12 ah14032096181239 03-20-96 18:12:39
13 ah14032096195133 03-20-96 19:51:33
14 ah14032096213632 03-20-96 21:36:32
15 ah14032196180209 03-21-96 18:02:09
16 ah14032196194039 03-21-96 19:40:39
17 ah14032196212442 03-21-96 21:24:42
101 ah14032296192945 03-22-96 19:29:45
102 ah14032296211308 03-22-96 21:13:08
103 ah14032396191852 03-23-96 19:18:52
104 ah14032396210135 03-23-96 21:01:35
105 ah14032496173119 03-24-96 17:31:19
106 ah14032496190816 03-24-96 19:08:16
107 ah14032496205018 03-24-96 20:50:18
108 ah14032596185725 03-25-96 18:57:25
109 ah14032596203903 03-25-96 20:39:03
110 ah14032696184651 03-26-96 18:46:51
111 ah14032696202748 03-26-96 20:27:48
112 ah14032796183618 03-27-96 18:36:18
113 ah14032796201635 03-27-96 20:16:35
114 ah14032896182547 03-28-96 18:25:47
115 ah14032896200539 03-28-96 20:05:39
7 1 ah14032996181516 03-29-96 18:15:16
2 ah14032996195428 03-29-96 19:54:28
3 ah14032996213944 03-29-96 21:39:44
4 ah14033096180446 03-30-96 18:04:46
5 ah14033096194333 03-30-96 19:43:33
6 ah14033096212753 03-30-96 21:27:53
7 ah14033196175433 03-31-96 17:54:33
8 ah14033196193239 03-31-96 19:32:39
9 ah14033196211619 03-31-96 21:16:19
10 ah14040196192146 04-01-96 19:21:46
11 ah14040196210446 04-01-96 21:04:46
12 ah14040296173409 04-02-96 17:34:09
13 ah14040296191109 04-02-96 19:11:09
14 ah14040296205314 04-02-96 20:53:14
15 ah14040396185823 04-03-96 18:58:23
16 ah14040396204158 04-03-96 20:41:58
17 ah14040496184943 04-04-96 18:49:43
18 ah14040496203043 04-04-96 20:30:43
101 ah14040596183646 04-05-96 18:36:46
102 ah14040596201929 04-05-96 20:19:29
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