Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, near Albuquerque, New Mexico

\log

03/31/99 - Date this file created. G. Shore.
10/30/01 - Added date/time fields to APPENDIX II section. G. Shore.


\doc

##############################################################
DATA SET CODE AND TITLE

SEV031 AVHRR Biweekly Composites (1998)


##############################################################
ABSTRACT
This dataset contains 26 separate 14-day composited AVHRR
images for 1998 clipped approximatedly to the New Mexico State
boundaries (plus 50 Km buffer around boundary). These were
obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC),
National Mapping Division, from the "CONTERMINOUS U.S. AVHRR BIWEEKLY
COMPOSITES" CD product series.


##############################################################
KEYWORDS
SEV031 AVHRR Advanced_Very_High_Resolution_Radiometer NOAA Satellite_Imagery Remote_Sensing USGS_EROS_Data_Center 1998


##############################################################
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. WHY THE DATA WERE COLLECTED
II. WHEN THE DATA WERE COLLECTED
III. WHO IS INVOLVED WITH THE DATA
IV. WHERE TH DATA WERE COLLECTED
V. HOW THE DATA WERE COLLECTED AND PROCESSED BY THE USGS EDC
VI. HOW THE DATA WERE PROCESSED BY THE SEVILLETA IMS (SIMS)
VII. APPENDIX I - USGS EDC Metadata
VIII. APPENDIX II - Pixel Date Attribute Table


##############################################################
I. WHY THE DATA WERE COLLECTED

See the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC)
documentation in APPENDIX I below.


##############################################################
II. WHEN THE DATA WERE COLLECTED

Twenty-six 14-day composites for 1998. See the U.S. Geological
Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC) documentation in APPENDIX I below
for specific composite periods.


##############################################################
III. WHO IS INVOLVED WITH THE DATA

SOURCE AGENCY CONTACTS:
See the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC) documentation
in APPENDIX I below for USGS EDC contacts.

LOCAL SEVILLETA LTER CONTACTS:
Primary contact:
Greg Shore, Sevilleta LTER (gshore@sevilleta.unm.edu).

Principle investigators:
Bruce Milne, Sevilleta LTER (bmilne@sevilleta.unm.edu)

GIS/GPS specialist:
Greg Shore, Sevilleta LTER (gshore@sevilleta.unm.edu).

Data Management
Greg Shore, Sevilleta LTER (gshore@sevilleta.unm.edu)


##############################################################
IV. WHERE THE DATA WERE COLLECTED

The original biweekly composited images covered the
Conterminous United States. However, the images were clipped
to the approximate New Mexico State boundaries (plus 50 Km buffer
around boundary) for online access purposes, while the full U.S.
scenes are stored offline on tape. The clipping coordinates were
selected to perform exact clipping, so no resampling was required.
The approximate online (NM clipped) boundaries are:

Latitude/Longitude, decimal degrees (Clarke 1866 spheroid)
XMIN: -109.515170 YMIN 30.759247 XMAX -102.454601 YMAX 37.817184

Lambert Azimuthal Equal-area (see EDC document for projection info)
XMIN: -914000 YMIN -1529000 XMAX -216000 YMAX -795000

The source and the clipped images are in the following map projection:
Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection
Parameters:
Radius of sphere 6,370,997.0 meters
Longitude of central meridian 100 00 00 West
Latitude of origin 45 00 00 North
False easting 0
False northing 0
Units of measure meters
Pixel size 1,000 meters

Each clipped image has 735 rows and 699 columns, and has a cell size
of 1000 x 1000 m.

See the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC) documentation
in APPENDIX I below for spatial extent, projection information, etc.,
related to the full Conterminous US scenes.


##############################################################
V. HOW THE DATA WERE COLLECTED AND PROCESSED BY THE USGS EDC

See the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC)
documentation in APPENDIX I below.


##############################################################
VI. HOW THE DATA WERE PROCESSED BY THE SEVILLETA IMS (SIMS)

The general SIMS processing steps for each biweekly composite
period were to read the 10 image bands off the source USGS-EDC CD,
concatenate/import them into a 10-band ERDAS Imagine format image
file, georegister to the USGS-EDC specifications, clip the scene
to the approximate New Mexico State boundaries, move the clipped
scene to the online SIMS archive, and write the full scene to
offline tape.

The band order in the archived scenes is:

1- NOAA CHANNEL 1 6- NDVI
2- NOAA CHANNEL 2 7- SATELLITE ZENITH
3- NOAA CHANNEL 3 8- SOLAR ZENITH
4- NOAA CHANNEL 4 9- RELATIVE AZIMUTH
5- NOAA CHANNEL 5 10- DATE

The bands are described in detail in the U.S. Geological Survey's
EROS Data Center (EDC) documentation in APPENDIX I below. The
attribute data for the "DATE" band is found in APPENDIX II below.

A more precise description of the processing steps is as follows:

1. Mount AVHRR CD

2. Read the 10 bands of information off the CD for each biweekly composited
scene, concatenate the 10 bands into a single file, then import as an
ERDAS Imagine 10-band image file (of size 2889 rows x 4587 cols). This
process was automated with the C-shell script:

/db/local/imagery/bincom/avhrr_import.csh 98

NOTE: this generates 10-band ERDAS Imagine format files, that are of
image size 2889 rows x 4587 cols, with filenames as follows:

avhrr98pPP.img

where: PP = bi-weekly growth period number

and bands in following order::
1- NOAA CHANNEL 1 6- NDVI
2- NOAA CHANNEL 2 7- SATELLITE ZENITH
3- NOAA CHANNEL 3 8- SOLAR ZENITH
4- NOAA CHANNEL 4 9- RELATIVE AZIMUTH
5- NOAA CHANNEL 5 10- DATE

3. Georegister the scene as follows:
Bring up ERDAS Imagine GUI, then Tools->ImageInfo tool and do:
1. File->Open->avhrr98pPP.img
2. Edit->Change Map Model:
a. Upper Left X: -2050000
b. Upper Left Y: 752000
c. Pixel Size X: 1000
d. Pixel Size Y: 1000
e. Units: meters
f. Projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal-area
NOTE: click OK, then answer "Yes" to changing Map Model in all layers.
3. Edit->Add/Change Projection:
a. Spheroid Name: Sphere of Radius 6370997m
b. Datum Name: Undefined
c. Longitude of center of projection: 100:00:00 W
d. Latitude of center of projection: 45:00:00 N
e. False easting: 0.0 meters
f. False northing: 0.0 meters
NOTE: click OK, then answer "Yes" to changing Map Model in all layers.
4. Edit->Change Layer Name:
a. Change bands 1 - 5 to Channel_1, Channel_2, ..., Channel_5,respectively
b. Change band 6 to NDVI
c. Change bands 7 - 10 to SATELLITE_ZENITH, SOLAR ZENITH,
RELATIVE_AZIMUTH, and DATE, respectively

4. Clip full-scene to New Mexico minimum bounding box (+50 Km buffer) with
coordinates ULx = -914000, ULy = -795000, LRx = -216000, LRy = -1529000,
and dimensions 735 rows x 699 columns. This process was automated with
the C-shell scripts:

/db/local/imagery/bincom/batch_avhrr_clip2nm.csh, which calls:
/db/local/imagery/bincom/avhrr_clip2nm.csh avhrr98pPP.img avhrr98pPPnm.img

NOTE: this generates 10-band ERDAS Imagine format files, that are of
image size 735 rows x 699 cols, with filenames as follows:

avhrr98pPPnm.img

5. Unix compress the NM clipped image, make an archive directory, and move it
to the archive destination (/db/archive/imagery/avhrr/avhrr98pPP/). This
process was automated with the C-shell scripts:

/db/local/imagery/bincom/avhrr_archive.csh

NOTE: this generates Unix compressed files with filenames as follows:

avhrr98pPPnm.img.Z

6. Compress (gzip) and archive the full scene image to 4mm DAT tape, then
remove from online disk:

gzip avhrr98pPP.img
mt -f /dev/rmt/0cn fsf <#>
tar cvf /dev/rmt/0cn avhrr98pPP.img.gz
rm avhrr98pPP.img.gz

7. Copy the most current yearly "USGS-EDC-AVHRR Dataset README" file off CD for
inclusion in the online SIMS IAF metadata file (avhrr98.dbf) for the images
(note, must also convert from DOS to Unix file):

dos2unix /cdrom/cdrom0/readme.1st avhrr98readme.1st

8. Copy the "Date of Acquisition by Pixel" attribute file off each CD, then
split by biweekly period for inclusion in GIS/RS Metadata Abstract file
(avhrr98pPPnm.mda), and merge by year for inclusion in SIMS IAF metadata
file (avhrr98.dbf). This process was automated with the C-shell scripts:

dos2unix /cdrom/cdrom0/geom/date.att avhrr98pPP-PPdate.att

/db/local/imagery/bincom/batch_avhrr_split_dateatt.csh, which calls:
/db/local/imagery/bincom/avhrr_split_dateatt.csh

NOTE: must then copy the resulting avhrr98pPPdate.att files to
respective archive area (/db/archive/imagery/avhrr/avhrr98pPP/)

/db/local/imagery/bincom/avhrr_concat_dates.csh 98 > avhrr98date.att

9. Generate (this) SIMS IAF metadata file (i.e., avhrr98.dbf) using template
file (avhrr_dbf_97+.tmpl), appending readme (avhrr98readme.1st) and date
files (avhrr98date.att) in places specified in the template file; make
links to this SIMS IAF metadata file in each of the archive directories
(/db/archive/imagery/avhrr/avhrr98pPP/).

ln -s /db/archive/imagery/avhrr/metadata/avhrr98.dbf \
/db/archive/imagery/avhrr/avhrr98pPP/avhrr98.dbf

10. Generate GIS/RS Metadata Abstract file for each image, put with image in
appropriate directory (/db/archive/imagery/avhrr/avhrr98pPP/), then make
links to them from master metadata directory. This process was automated
with the C-shell scripts:

/db/local/imagery/bincom/get_avhrr_dates.csh 98 avhrr98.dbf "ARCYR" \
> avhrr98periods.txt

/db/local/imagery/bincom/batch_make_avhrr_abstract.csh avhrr98periods.txt
which calls:
/db/local/imagery/bincom/make_avhrr_abstract.csh

ln -s /db/archive/imagery/avhrr/avhrr98pPP/avhrr98pPPnm.mda \
/db/archive/imagery/avhrr/metadata/avhrr98pPPnm.mda

11. Install (or link to) WWW security files in each respective archive area
(/db/archive/imagery/avhrr/avhrr98pPP/).

12. Generate WWW HTML data access code file (avhrr98pPP.html) and install in
respective archive areas (/db/archive/imagery/avhrr/avhrr98pPP/). This
process was automated with the C-shell scripts:

/db/local/imagery/bincom/batch_make_avhrr_wwwaccess.csh avhrr98periods.txt
which calls:
/db/local/imagery/bincom/make_avhrr_wwwaccess.csh

13. Generate WWW HTML table code; then insert it in the master HTML index
file for AVHRR imagery. This process was partially automated with the
C-shell script (i.e., WWW HTML table code generation):

/db/local/imagery/bincom/batch_make_avhrr_wwwtablerow.csh \
avhrr98periods.txt \
> avhrr98rows.html

14. Provide "imageaccess" archive access by linking from the public access
area to each scene (/db/archive/imagery/avhrr/avhrr98pPP/avhrr98pPPnm.img.Z)
and adding to list of available images. This process was partially
automated with the C-shell script (i.e., list generation):

/db/local/imagery/bincom/make_avhrr_periods_list.csh avhrr98periods.txt ###\
| tail +5 \
>> /db/archive/imagery/avhrr/metadata/avhrr_periods.txt


##############################################################
VII. APPENDIX I - USGS EDC Metadata


THE 1998 CONTERMINOUS U.S. AVHRR BIWEEKLY COMPOSITES
TABLE OF CONTENTS


Page
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data Set Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scene Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Satellite and Solar Viewing Geometry. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radiometric Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. . . . . . . . . . . .
Date of Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Geometric Registration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Compositing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CD-ROM Organization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .




THE 1998 CONTERMINOUS U.S. AVHRR BIWEEKLY COMPOSITES

INTRODUCTION
In 1987, the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center (EDC), in Sioux Falls,
South Dakota, began receiving Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)
data from NOAA polar-orbiting satellites. The central location of the EDC in
the United States enables direct reception of all AVHRR overpasses of the
lower 48 States, as well as much of Canada and Mexico. Early in the 1990
growing season the EDC started acquiring NOAA-11 AVHRR 1-km resolution daily
observations to produce weekly and biweekly maximum normalized difference
vegetation index (NDVI) composites of the conterminous United States
(Eidenshink, 1992). The objective of the vegetation mapping program is to
compile, annually, a comprehensive series of calibrated, georegistered, daily
observations, and biweekly maximum NDVI composites. These data are being
published on CD-ROM for distribution of the data set. These data sets can be
used in environmental monitoring and global climate change studies.

The vegetation diversity of the conterminous United States provides
opportunities for using both AVHRR data and the NDVI for monitoring vegetation
condition in several different ecosystems, including forests, agricultural
crops, and grasslands. The data set provides a comprehensive growing season
profile of these ecosystems, is extremely useful for assessing seasonal
variations in vegetation conditions, and provides a foundation for studying
long-term changes resulting from human or natural factors.




DATA SET CHARACTERISTICS
The data set is composed of twenty-six 14-day maximum NDVI composites, created
from nearly 400 NOAA-14 images. The 26 core composite periods represent a
continuous period from January 02, 1998 to December 31, 1998. The 1998 data set
is available as a set of seven CD-ROM's. Each of the first six discs has four
biweekly composites and miscellaneous data that are described later in this file.
The seventh disc of the 1998 CD-ROM series contains a biweekly composite, some
daily observation AVHRR scenes selected from key periods during the 1998 growing
season, and NDVI statistics of all counties in the conterminous United States
for each composite period.

Each daily observation includes nine bands of information: AVHRR channels 1-5,
NDVI, satellite zenith, solar zenith, and relative azimuth. The daily
observations have been calibrated to reflectance, scaled to byte data, and
geometrically registered to the Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area map projection.

Each 14-day composite includes 10 bands of information, the 9 bands described
above for each daily observation and a 10th band, which is a pointer to
identify the date of the source daily observation scene. The data for each
pixel in the composite are extracted from the daily observation scene on the
basis of the maximum NDVI compositing process.


The 14-day composite periods for 1998 were:
____________________________________________________
Period Date of coverage Julian day
____________________________________________________

1 01/02 - 01/15/1998 002 - 015
2 01/16 - 01/29/1998 016 - 029
3 01/30 - 02/12/1998 030 - 043
4 02/13 - 02/26/1998 044 - 057
5 02/27 - 03/12/1998 058 - 071
6 03/13 - 03/26/1998 072 - 085
7 03/27 - 04/09/1998 086 - 099
8 04/10 - 04/23/1998 100 - 113
9 04/24 - 05/07/1998 114 - 127
10 05/08 - 05/21/1998 128 - 141
11 05/22 - 06/04/1998 142 - 155
12 06/05 - 06/18/1998 156 - 169
13 06/19 - 07/02/1998 170 - 183
14 07/03 - 07/16/1998 184 - 197
15 07/17 - 07/30/1998 198 - 211
16 07/31 - 08/13/1998 212 - 225
17 08/14 - 08/27/1998 226 - 239
18 08/28 - 09/10/1998 240 - 253
19 09/11 - 09/24/1998 254 - 267
20 09/25 - 10/08/1998 268 - 281
21 10/09 - 10/22/1998 282 - 295
22 10/23 - 11/05/1998 296 - 309
23 11/06 - 11/19/1998 310 - 323
24 11/20 - 12/03/1998 324 - 337
25 12/04 - 12/17/1998 338 - 351
26 12/18 - 12/31/1998 352 - 365
____________________________________________________
The image dimensions of each band are 2,889 lines and 4,587 samples (13
megabytes).

NOTE: Prior to the 1994 image compositing the format of the Land Analysis
System (LAS) files contained a 512 byte header record followed by data blocked
into 512 byte segments for each line. As a result the dimension increased to
4,608 samples. The LAS software package no longer has this criteria. Actual
image data is processed and reported as 2,889 lines by 4,587 samples.



PROCEDURES
The sections that follow describe the data processing flow that was used at
the EDC to create a composite data set. All image processing was conducted
using Land Analysis System (Ailts and others, 1990) software.

Scene Selection
Cloud-free AVHRR observations of the land surface are necessary for monitoring
the vegetation conditions. A single AVHRR overpass is seldom completely cloud
free. Holben (1986) showed that compositing AVHRR data acquired over several
days produces spatially continuous cloud-free images over large areas with
sufficient temporal resolution to study green vegetation dynamics. The
duration of consecutive daily observations is called the compositing period.
On a daily basis during a composite period, each observation of NOAA-14 data
over the conterminous United States was evaluated for cloud cover. Typically,
there are two satellite overpasses per day, one over the eastern portion of
North America and a second pass over the western part of the continent. Every
image that provided a clear observation of a large ground surface area at
reasonable nadir viewing angles is included in the composite. On an average,
18 daily observations per biweekly period are included in the composite.

Satellite and Solar Viewing Geometry
The availability of the viewing geometry information allows studies on the
effects of off-nadir viewing and the investigation of potential data
correction techniques. The solar zenith angle is used during the calibration
process to correct the solar illumination variability along an orbit.

The computation of the solar and satellite geometry is a process that derives
the satellite zenith, solar zenith, and relative azimuth angle for each image
pixel. The relative azimuth is the absolute difference between the satellite
and solar azimuth angles. The computed angles do not exceed 180 degrees. A
separate image band is created for each of these three angle computations.

The satellite zenith angle is computed in degrees, in which nadir is
represented as 90 degrees. Therefore, values less than 90 degrees represent
view angles in the back scattered (easterly) direction and values greater than
90 represent the forward scatter (westerly) direction. Note that the
effective field of view of the satellite is approximately 55 degrees each side
of nadir, but computed satellite zenith angles can exceed 55 degrees because
of the curvature of the Earth.

The relative azimuth angle is computed as the absolute difference between the
solar azimuth and the satellite azimuth angles. The computed values are in
the 0 - 180 range. The relative azimuth angle is computed instead of separate
azimuth angles because only the absolute difference between the azimuth angles
is required for atmospheric correction algorithms. Also, saving only the
computed relative azimuth angle requires only one band in a daily observation
and composite image instead of two, which reduces the image storage
requirements on CD-ROM.

Radiometric Calibration
Radiometric calibration of the AVHRR visible and near-infrared channels
(channels 1 and 2) is an important consideration because there is poor
preflight calibration, no onboard calibration, and difficulty with in-flight
calibration. Preflight calibration coefficients can change while the
instrument is in storage, or after launch, because of the space environment.
Degradation of AVHRR sensors after launch has been well documented (Rao, 1987;
Price, 1987; Holben and others, 1990). It was determined shortly after launch
that the prelaunch coefficients provided by NOAA were not useful. Changes in
the response of Channel 1 after the launch were evident.

EDC's ADAPS processing system converts raw digital counts c to percent
surface reflectance R by

R = (d*d/z)*kb(c-C),

where

d is the earth-sun distance in astronomical units,
z is the cosine of the solar zenith angle,
k is 100 times the inverse of the mean solar flux through the
bandpass, given in units of square meters microns per watts
(the factor of 100 converts the reflectance to percent
reflectance),
b is the channel's gain coefficient in units of watts per
square meter per micron per digital count, and
C is the deep space digital count.

The inverse of the instrument gain coefficient and the deep space digital
count are obtained from quadratic functions of time t, which is specified
in units of days since launch:

1/b = a_2*t*t + a_1*t + a_0,
and
C = e_2*t*t + e_1*t + e_0.

A look-up table gives the values of k and the quadratic coefficients
(a_0, a_1, a_2; e_0, e_1, e_2) for each AVHRR sensor along with the
time period over which these values are valid (Table 1 gives these values
for NOAA-14). The values of the quadratic coefficients are derived from
a variety of calibration studies (Teillet and Holben, 1994).

Reflectance values for channels 1 and 2 were converted to byte data, where
the range 0 - 254 represents 0 to 63.5 percent reflectance. The value
255 corresponds to reflectance greater than 63.5 percent. Any feature
with greater than 63 percent reflectance is considered to be bright and
non-vegetative.



TABLE 1: NOAA-14's inverse mean solar fluxes and quadratic calibration
coefficients for the inverse instrument gain coefficient and the
deep space digital count.

CHANNEL k a_0 a_1 a_2 e_0 e_1 e_2 VALID TIME PERIOD
------- ----- ---- --- --- ---- --- --- -----------------
1 0.196 1.71 0.0 0.0 41.0 0.0 0.0 launch -> present
2 0.305 2.13 0.0 0.0 41.0 0.0 0.0 launch -> present

The calibration coefficients for AVHRR thermal channels 3, 4, and 5 are
derived onboard the satellite using a view of a stable black body and deep
space as a reference (Kidwell, 1991). The calibration process converts raw
data values to energy (milliwatts/m**2-steradian-cm-1) using the following
formula:

E=a+bc
where:
E is energy,
a is the intercept,
b is the gain coefficient, and
c is the digital count.

Energy is converted to brightness temperature using the inverse of Planck's
radiation function. The brightness temperatures are represented in Kelvin
units. A scaling factor was used to convert the brightness temperatures to
byte data. A scaling factor of 202.5 is subtracted from the brightness
temperature value and the difference is multiplied by 2 to maintain one half
percent accuracy (i.e., a brightness temperature of 280 becomes 155).

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
The NDVI is the difference of near-infrared (channel 2) and visible
(channel 1) reflectance values normalized over the sum of channels 1 and 2
(NIR-VIS)/(NIR+VIS). The NDVI equation produces values in the range of -1.0
to 1.0, where increasing positive values indicate increasing green vegetation
and negative values indicate nonvegetated surface features such as water,
barren, ice, snow, or clouds. The NDVI can be derived at several points in
the processing flow. To retain the most precision, the NDVI is derived after
calibration of channels 1 and 2, prior to scaling to byte range. Computation
of the NDVI must precede geometric registration and resampling to maintain
precision in this calculation.

To scale the computed NDVI results to byte data range, the NDVI computed
value, which ranges from -1.0 to 1.0, is scaled to the range of 0 to 200,
where computed -1.0 equals 0, computed 0 equals 100, and computed 1.0 equals
200. As a result, NDVI values less than 100 now represent clouds, snow,
water, and other nonvegetative surfaces and values equal to or greater than
100 represent vegetative surfaces.


Date of Acquisition
The date of acquisition images are provided to allow a user to identify the
specific daily observation used for each pixel. The date images for each
composite identify each daily image as a unique value. The unique value is
linked to an inventory of the daily observations. A complete list of daily
observations used in each composite period is on this CD-ROM under the \GEOM
directory in file DATE.ATT.

Geometric Registration
The process of compositing daily observations for each biweekly period
required each daily overpass to be registered to a common map projection to
ensure that, from day to day, each 1-km pixel represented the same ground
location. The map projection chosen for the data is the Lambert Azimuthal
Equal Area. This projection is appropriate for the North American Continent
because of its visual presentation and equal area characteristic, which allows
easy measurement of area throughout the data set.

To perform the image-to-image registration of the data a base image was
developed as a reference. Tests have shown that the best way to prepare the
base image is to register individual daily orbits to an accurate base map.
The map base used is the hydrography layer of the U.S. Geological Survey
1:2,000,000-scale digital line graph (DLG). The features in the DLG data,
such as water bodies, rivers, and streams, are identifiable features in the
AVHRR 1-km data. The DLG data are rasterized to 1-km cells and registered to
the Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection before being used as the map base
for the data.

Approximately 20 near-nadir cloud-free segments of NOAA-11 channel 2 daily
observations from the 1989 and 1990 growing season are manually registered to
the DLG data. Each segment is verified for accuracy (root-mean-square error
less than 1 pixel). The segments are digitally mosaicked to produce a single
base image of the conterminous United States for registering the 1998 growing
season data. The accuracy of this base image is verified with a
root-mean-square error less than 1 pixel. Table 1 provides details on
projection parameters.

Table 2. Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area (LAZEA) projection
_______________________________________________________________
Parameters:
Radius of sphere 6,370,997.0 meters
Longitude of central meridian 100 00 00 West
Latitude of origin 45 00 00 North
False easting 0
False northing 0
Units of measure meters
Pixel size 1,000 meters
For the conterminous United States (1998)
Center of pixel (1,1) ( -2050000, 752000 )
Number of lines 2,889
Number of samples 4,587
LAZEA minimum bounding rectangle:
In projection meters:
Lower left ( -2050500, -2136500 )
Upper left ( -2050500, 752500 )
Upper right ( 2536500, 752500 )
Lower right ( 2536500, -2136500 )
In decimal degrees of longitude and latitude:
Lower left ( -119.9722899 23.5837576 )
Upper left ( -128.5300591 48.4030555 )
Upper right ( -65.3946489 46.7048989 )
Lower right ( -75.4163527 22.4793919 )

In degrees, minutes, and seconds of longitude and latitude:
Lower left ( -119 58 20 23 35 02 )
Upper left ( -128 31 48 48 24 11 )
Upper right ( -65 23 41 46 42 18 )
Lower right ( -75 24 59 22 28 46 )
________________________________________________________________
Each daily observation for the 1998 growing season is registered to the base
image using image-to-image correlation. To improve overall registration
accuracy, 150 samples are eliminated from each edge of the raw data image.
The 150 samples represent the most extreme off-nadir pixels and are often the
source of error in the image correlation process. Then, the channel 2 data
for each daily observation are transformed using the satellite orbit model.
Next, correlation of the original image to the reference image is performed
using a set of 255 selected ground control points. If most of the ground
control points are cloud covered in the daily observation, no correlation is
defined and the image is rejected. Otherwise, the correlation is determined
and the satellite transformation coefficients from the orbital model are
revised. Then the raw data (channels 1 - 5), NDVI, and satellite geometry
data are transformed using the revised coefficients and nearest neighbor
resampling.

Compositing
The method for determining the portion of each overpass to be included in the
composite image was to retain pixels having the highest NDVI values. The NDVI
was examined pixel by pixel for each overpass within the biweekly compositing
period to determine the maximum value.

The retention of the highest NDVI value reduces the number of
cloud-contaminated pixels because values for clouds and cloud shadows are
generally less than 100 (in the byte-scaled data) and clear day observations
of vegetated surfaces are equal to or greater than 100 (in the byte-scaled
data). The result is a near cloud-free image that depicts the maximum
vegetative greenness for the compositing period. No data are selected from
the portion of an observation where the solar zenith angle is greater than
eighty degrees. Angles greater than eighty degrees portray a view of the
terminator or of darkness and can provide erroneous data. This circumstance
will only occur in extreme northern latitudes in the winter.

The product of the compositing process was a 10-band image that included the
maximum NDVI value for each pixel during the composite period, the channels
1-5 and satellite viewing geometry data from the chosen daily observations,
and a pointer value that identified the satellite overpass from which that
pixel was taken. Table 2 lists the data included in each of the 10 bands.

Table 3. Band description of composite images
__________________________________________________________________
Band Description | Band Description
__________________________________________________________________

1 AVHRR channel 1 | 6 NDVI
2 AVHRR channel 2 | 7 Satellite zenith
3 AVHRR channel 3 | 8 Solar zenith
4 AVHRR channel 4 | 9 Relative azimuth
5 AVHRR channel 5 | 10 Date
__________________________________________________________________

The date of acquisition pointer is provided to allow a user to identify the
specific AVHRR daily observation (satellite scene number) used for each pixel.
To determine the date and scene number, first identify the date pointer value
for the pixel within a composite period, then use the reference table in file
DATE.ATT to determine the scene number.

Miscellaneous Data
When displaying large areas with AVHRR data, an overlay or mask of familiar
linework, such as county boundaries, can be used as a location aid. Several
images are included in the \MISC directory to provide location information.
All of the linework images represent lines in raster format as 1-km cells.
These data sets include climatic division boundaries (CDLINES), major land
resource areas boundaries (LRALINES), county boundaries (CTYLINES), and water
bodies (WATERMSK). The climatic division lines were digitized from NOAA base
maps. The county lines are a modified version of the 1:2,000,000-scale DLG
data. The major land resource area boundaries were digitized from the U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service (1981) maps.

The linework in the CDLINES and LRALINES images is coded at the byte value
255. In the CTYLINES image, the county boundaries identified by the coasts
and international borders are at value 253, the county borders that are
coincident with State borders are at value 254, and other county boundaries
are at value 255. This variable coding provides the capability to display
coastal, State, or county boundaries from the same image. The water bodies
image has two unique identifiers. Water has a 0 value and land has a value
of 1.

Also included are three raster polygon images that can be used in an overlay
process where histograms or descriptive statistics could be computed for the
NDVI values within a polygon. These images include counties (CTYPOLY), major
land resource areas (LRAPOLY), and climatic divisions (CDPOLY).

Each polygon is in raster format and has a unique numeric identifier. Images
that include more than 256 unique polygons are stored in I*2 integer (16 bit)
format.

The attribute information that identifies or characterizes each polygon is
included under the \MISC directory. The attributes for the major land
resource area polygons are in LRAPOLY.ATT. The fields in the file are

polyid -- the unique polygon identification number
mlra -- the major land resource area (MLRA) identification code used by
the Soil Conservation Service
lratext -- text description of the MLRA used by the Soil Conservation
Service

The unique polygon identification number for the climatic division polygons
can be parsed into the State and climatic division number within that State.
For example, climatic district one in Arizona is polygon number 401. The 4 is
the Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) State identification number
for Arizona, and the 01 identifies the polygon as division one. Climatic
district one in Oklahoma is polygon number 4001, where 40 is the FIPS State
code and 01 is division one.


The attributes for the county polygons are in CTYPOLY.ATT. The fields in the
file are

cntyid -- the unique polygon identification number
npixels -- the number of pixels in each county
FIPS -- the FIPS State and county code for each county
cname -- the county name
sname -- the State name

One of the standard products calculated from the conterminous U.S. AVHRR data
set is a statistical summary of the NDVI, by county, for each composite
period. The statistical summaries for all 1998 compositing periods are
available on the seventh disc. The statistical summary can be imported to a
spreadsheet and a graph can be created to show seasonal NDVI profiles. The
statistical summary is linked to the CTYPOLY image by the key attribute CNTYID
that is included in the CTYPOLY.ATT. This summary can be merged with the
CTYPOLY image for representation in image form.

The statistical summary for each composite period is stored in separate tables
with a standard naming convention (CNTYP01.DAT is the table for period 1,
CNTYP02.DAT for period 2, and so on). These tables are 80-character ASCII
files with the following attributes and format:

___________________________________________________________________________
Col # Fortran stmt. Description Definition
___________________________________________________________________________
1- 4 i4 CNTYID Unique identifier for
each county polygon
5-10 1x,i5 FIPS FIPS code
11-18 1x,f7.2 MEAN Mean NDVI (with clouds,
water, negative NDVI not
counted)
19-22 1x,i3 %USED The portion of all pixels
in county which are counted.
23-30 1x,f7.3 SD Standard deviation
31-34 1x,i3 MIN Minimum value in county
35-38 1x,i3 MAX Maximum value in county
39-46 1x,f7.2 MEDIAN Median value
47-50 1x,i3 MODE Mode value
51-54 1x,i3 PERIOD # Composite period number
___________________________________________________________________________

The NDVI statistics are calculated for each county after clouded pixels, water
bodies, and negative NDVI values (the 0 - 100 range of the scaled NDVI) are
masked out. The cloud screening is done independently (and is not applied to
image data on the CD-ROM) by using a threshold value of 240 for the sum of
channels 1 and 2 (values greater than 240 are considered clouds). The cloud-
screening technique includes an added indicator, the attribute %USED. The
attribute %USED represents the proportion of the pixels in a county (excluding
water bodies) that were counted in the computation. A low value in this
attribute can indicate cloud contamination.

Added to the miscellaneous image file was the surface water bodies mask.
These water bodies were separated using channel 2 from daily AVHRR scenes.
Cloud-free scenes were selected through a visual quality assessment of the
images. After a threshold between land and water values was identified, a
binary mask was computed and the water bodies data was added to a land
characteristic data base. Approximately 50 AVHRR scenes were used to create
the mask. Unique numeric identifiers were used in the raster formatted
polygons - water has the value of 0 and land has the value of 1.

Table 4. A list of miscellaneous image file characteristics
__________________________________________________________
Name Type Bands Lines Samples
__________________________________________________________
LRAPOLY I*2 1 2,889 4,587
LRALINES Byte 1 2,889 4,587
CDPOLY I*2 1 2,889 4,587
CDLINES Byte 1 2,889 4,587
CTYPOLY I*2 1 2,889 4,587
CTYLINES Byte 1 2,889 4,587
WATERMSK Byte 1 2,889 4,587
__________________________________________________________


CD-ROM ORGANIZATION

A large volume of data was generated during the construction of this data
base. The data stored on each CD-ROM required ten 6,250-bpi magnetic tapes.
The data are organized in a directory structure that logically separates the
data components. This structure is:

README.1ST
\AVHRR
README \LABELS \IMAGES
\NDVI
README \LABELS \IMAGES
\GEOM
README \LABELS \IMAGES
\MISC
README \LABELS \IMAGES
\DEMO
README
\SOFTWARE
README

Each directory on the disc contains data that are similar in type. Each
directory also contains an ASCII text file (README) that details the contents
of the directory.

The data files and LAS header files (files with name extensions .DDR) are in
the \IMAGES subdirectories, and the image label files are in the \LABELS
subdirectories. To get a quick start looking at the image files, label files
for each image are included in the \LABELS directory using the same file name
as the image file it describes in the \IMAGES subdirectory. These label files
were designed for use by the public domain MS-DOS personal computer IMDISP
image display software developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in
Pasadena, California. IMDISP users can access the images on this CD-ROM by
selecting the image name in the \LABELS subdirectory, which automatically
accesses the header information required by the software to retrieve the image
data. The data dimensions of each band are 2,889 lines and 4,587 samples (13
megabytes).

The \AVHRR directory contains the five channels of AVHRR data associated with
the four biweekly composites on each CD-ROM. Each band of each biweekly
composite file is uniquely named using the convention
P01CH1.IMG
where P01 identifies composite period 1 and CH1 identifies the image as
channel 1. The daily observations on the seventh disc are named using the
same convention, with D01 referring to the first daily observation. The image
files are stored in the \IMAGES subdirectory.

The \NDVI directory contains the single band computed NDVI for the biweekly
AVHRR composite data sets and is named using the convention:
P01NDVI.IMG
where P01 identifies composite period 1 and NDVI identifies the image as a
vegetation index image. The seventh disc contains a December 2-week composite
period P25NDVI and some daily observation scenes. The image files are stored
in the \IMAGES subdirectory.

The \GEOM directory contains the satellite and solar zenith and relative
azimuth information for each pixel in the AVHRR composite images. This
directory also contains the date images for each of the composites, as well as
the DATE.ATT attribute file.

The \MISC directory contains the political (CTYLINES, CTYPOLY), climatic
divisions (CDLINES, CDPOLY), and land resource area (LRALINES, LRAPOLY) raster
line and polygon images, which are useful for display or in digital analysis
procedures. Attribute files related to these are included as files
CTYPOLY.ATT and LRAPOLY.ATT.

The \DEMO directory contains a batch job that runs under DOS and uses the
display program, IMDISP. This program displays images from the 1990
Conterminous U.S. AVHRR Biweekly Composites set. The display files are
compressed samples of these images. To initiate the demo program, enter
"DEMO" at the DOS prompt.

The \SOFTWARE directory contains programs to allow the PC-DOS user to display
and interact with the digital images on the CD's. These public domain
programs include

IMDISP - An image display program developed by NASA's Jet Propulsion
Laboratory. The most recent version is included on this disc. See
the IMDISP documentation file IMDISP.DOC, located in the \SOFTWARE
directory, and use the IMDISP help command for further details.

CONVERT - A conversion program included with IMDISP that allows the
conversion of a raster image to integer, byte, nibble, or binary
format.

COPIM - A copy program that allows copying all or portions of a raster
image and puts IMDISP compatible label records at the front of the
image.

COMBINE - A utility for combining two or more images as a single new image.
This utility has options to:

1. Combine up to three separate images into a single new
black-and-white image and also create a customized color
palette of up to 255 colors that, along with the new combined
image, allows a color simulation of a 3-band false color
composite image suitable for display on an 8-bit PC color
monitor; these colors are a very close approximation of how the
image would appear on a 24-bit color display.

2. Automatically "stretch" or brighten an existing palette.

3. Embed one image (such as raster
linework) within a second image.

The resultant images and palettes created by
the COMBINE utility are compatible with the
IMDISP display program. It takes approximately
4 minutes to process a 512 lines by 512
samples, 3-image false color composite when the
input and output images are on hard disk. To
run this utility type COMBINE and respond to
the prompts requesting the input image names,
output image name, and output palette name.

LL2LAM - Converts latitude and longitude coordinates to Lambert Azimuthal
Equal Area projection coordinates.

LAM2LL - Converts Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection coordinates to
latitude and longitude coordinates.

LL2LS - Converts latitude and longitude to line and sample coordinates in
the Conterminous U.S. AVHRR data set. This data set is in the
Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area projection.

LS2LL - Converts line and sample coordinates in the Conterminous U.S.
AVHRR data set to latitude and longitude.

There are no restrictions on making copies of IMDISP or any of the other
public domain programs for use on other PC's or with other raster images.

* NOTE: Prior to displaying any of the following images with IMDISP, the
command "SET SWAP" must be run to reset the display for 16-bit
integer data. This command must be run after the image has been
selected with the IMDISP "FILES" command.

CTYPOLY.LBL - County polygon data
CDPOLY.LBL - Climatic polygon data
LRAPOLY.LBL - LRA polygon data
DEM.LBL - Digital elevation data

For more information please contact Customer Services, EROS Data Center, U.S.
Geological Survey, Sioux Falls, SD 57198, (605)594-6151, FAX (605)594-6589.



REFERENCES

Ailts, B., Akkerman, D., Quirk, B., and Steinwand, D., 1990, LAS 5.0 -- an
image processing system for research and production environments:
American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing-American Congress
on Surveying and Mapping Annual Convention, Denver, Colorado,
March 18-23, 1990, Proceedings, v. 4, p. 1-12.

Eidenshink, J.C., 1992, The 1990 conterminous U.S. AVHRR data set:
Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, vol. 58, no. 6,
pp. 809-813.

Holben, B.N., 1986, Characteristics of maximum-value composite images from
temporal AVHRR data: The International Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 7,
no. 11, p. 1417.

Holben, B.N., Kaufman, Y.J., and Kendall, J.D., 1990, NOAA-11 AVHRR visible
and near-IR in-flight calibration: The International Journal of Remote
Sensing, v. 11, no. 8, p. 1511.

Kidwell, K.B., 1991, NOAA Polar Orbiter Data Users' Guide: National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, World Weather Building, Room 100,
Washington, D.C.

Price, John C., 1987, Calibration of satellite radiometers and the comparison
of vegetation indices: Remote Sensing of the Environment, v. 21, no.
15, pp. 15-27.

Rao, Nagaraja C. R., 1987, Pre-launch calibration of channels 1 and 2 of
Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer: NOAA Technical Report NESDIS
36, Satellite Research Laboratory, National Environmental Satellite,
Data, and Information Service, Washington, D.C., 62 p.

Teillet, P.M. and Holben, B.N., 1994, Towards Operational Radiometric
Calibration of NOAA AVHRR Imagery in the Visible and Near-Infrared
Channels, Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, v. 20, no. 1, pp. 1-10.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1981, Land resource
regions and major land resource areas of the United States: Agricultural
Handbook 296, 156 p.



Acknowledgments

A number of individuals contributed to the successful completion of the AVHRR
Conterminous U.S. composite data, including various operations staff and
digital data production scientists. Jesslyn F. Brown and Richard A. McKinney
provided excellent technical reviews.



Jeffery C. Eidenshink

Mary C. Weinheimer

Michael E. Madigan



##############################################################
VIII. APPENDIX II - Pixel Date Attribute Table


PERIOD INDEX SCENEID Date GMT
------ ----- ---------------- ------- --------
1 1 ah14010298195508 01-02-98 19:55:08
2 ah14010298214128 01-02-98 21:41:28
3 ah14010398194745 01-03-98 19:47:45
4 ah14010398212948 01-03-98 21:29:48
5 ah14010498193646 01-04-98 19:36:46
6 ah14010498211823 01-04-98 21:18:23
7 ah14010598192602 01-05-98 19:26:02
8 ah14010598210659 01-05-98 21:06:59
9 ah14010698205537 01-06-98 20:55:37
10 ah14010798204431 01-07-98 20:44:31
12 ah14010898203311 01-08-98 20:33:11
101 ah14010998202207 01-09-98 20:22:07
102 ah14011098183257 01-10-98 18:32:57
103 ah14011098201102 01-10-98 20:11:02
104 ah14011098215441 01-10-98 21:54:41
105 ah14011198195611 01-11-98 19:56:11
106 ah14011198214259 01-11-98 21:42:59
107 ah14011298181216 01-12-98 18:12:16
108 ah14011298213117 01-12-98 21:31:17
109 ah14011398193814 01-13-98 19:38:14
110 ah14011398211952 01-13-98 21:19:52
111 ah14011498192731 01-14-98 19:27:31
112 ah14011498210829 01-14-98 21:08:29
2 1 ah14011698204559 01-16-98 20:45:59
2 ah14011898202333 01-18-98 20:23:33
3 ah14011998200658 01-19-98 20:06:58
4 ah14011998215609 01-19-98 21:56:09
5 ah14012098200127 01-20-98 20:01:27
6 ah14012098214426 01-20-98 21:44:26
7 ah14011698190607 01-16-98 19:06:07
8 ah14011798185525 01-17-98 18:55:25
9 ah14011898184456 01-18-98 18:44:56
10 ah14012198195040 01-21-98 19:50:40
11 ah14012198213244 01-21-98 21:32:44
12 ah14012298193940 01-22-98 19:39:40
13 ah14012298212119 01-22-98 21:21:19
101 ah14012398192856 01-23-98 19:28:56
102 ah14012398210609 01-23-98 21:06:09
103 ah14012498191815 01-24-98 19:18:15
104 ah14012498205833 01-24-98 20:58:33
105 ah14012598190733 01-25-98 19:07:33
106 ah14012598204726 01-25-98 20:47:26
107 ah14012698185653 01-26-98 18:56:53
108 ah14012698203606 01-26-98 20:36:06
109 ah14012798202109 01-27-98 20:21:09
110 ah14012898183551 01-28-98 18:35:51
111 ah14012898201001 01-28-98 20:10:01
112 ah14012898215738 01-28-98 21:57:38
113 ah14012998182529 01-29-98 18:25:29
114 ah14012998200255 01-29-98 20:02:55
115 ah14012998214555 01-29-98 21:45:55
3 1 ah14013098195209 01-30-98 19:52:09
2 ah14013098213413 01-30-98 21:34:13
3 ah14013198194108 01-31-98 19:41:08
4 ah14013198212248 01-31-98 21:22:48
5 ah14020198193024 02-01-98 19:30:24
6 ah14020198211124 02-01-98 21:11:24
7 ah14020298191941 02-02-98 19:19:41
8 ah14020298210000 02-02-98 21:00:00
9 ah14020398190900 02-03-98 19:09:00
10 ah14020498190230 02-04-98 19:02:30
11 ah14020398204853 02-03-98 20:48:53
12 ah14020598184740 02-05-98 18:47:40
13 ah14020598202751 02-05-98 20:27:51
101 ah14020698183717 02-06-98 18:37:17
102 ah14020698201524 02-06-98 20:15:24
103 ah14020698215905 02-06-98 21:59:05
104 ah14020798182639 02-07-98 18:26:39
105 ah14020798200420 02-07-98 20:04:20
106 ah14020798214721 02-07-98 21:47:21
107 ah14020898181633 02-08-98 18:16:33
108 ah14020898195334 02-08-98 19:53:34
109 ah14020898213554 02-08-98 21:35:54
110 ah14020998194233 02-09-98 19:42:33
111 ah14020998212413 02-09-98 21:24:13
112 ah14021098193149 02-10-98 19:31:49
113 ah14021098211248 02-10-98 21:12:48
114 ah14021198205727 02-11-98 20:57:27
115 ah14021298191023 02-12-98 19:10:23
116 ah14021298205017 02-12-98 20:50:17
4 1 ah14021398185942 02-13-98 18:59:42
2 ah14021398203856 02-13-98 20:38:56
4 ah14021498202352 02-14-98 20:23:52
5 ah14021498203138 02-14-98 20:31:38
6 ah14021598183841 02-15-98 18:38:41
8 ah14021698214847 02-16-98 21:48:47
9 ah14021798195459 02-17-98 19:54:59
10 ah14021798213720 02-17-98 21:37:20
11 ah14021898194358 02-18-98 19:43:58
12 ah14021898212539 02-18-98 21:25:39
13 ah14021998193314 02-19-98 19:33:14
101 ah14022098192231 02-20-98 19:22:31
102 ah14022198191147 02-21-98 19:11:47
103 ah14022198205142 02-21-98 20:51:42
104 ah14022298190106 02-22-98 19:01:06
105 ah14022298204021 02-22-98 20:40:21
106 ah14022398202521 02-23-98 20:25:21
107 ah14022398202915 02-23-98 20:29:15
108 ah14022498183948 02-24-98 18:39:48
109 ah14022498201412 02-24-98 20:14:12
110 ah14022598182925 02-25-98 18:29:25
111 ah14022598200708 02-25-98 20:07:08
112 ah14022598215010 02-25-98 21:50:10
113 ah14022698181904 02-26-98 18:19:04
114 ah14022698195304 02-26-98 19:53:04
115 ah14022698213842 02-26-98 21:38:42
5 1 ah14022798180844 02-27-98 18:08:44
2 ah14022798194520 02-27-98 19:45:20
3 ah14022798212701 02-27-98 21:27:01
4 ah14022898193435 02-28-98 19:34:35
5 ah14022898211536 02-28-98 21:15:36
6 ah14030198192351 03-01-98 19:23:51
7 ah14030198210412 03-01-98 21:04:12
8 ah14030298191309 03-02-98 19:13:09
9 ah14030298205304 03-02-98 20:53:04
11 ah14030398204142 03-03-98 20:41:42
12 ah14030498202439 03-04-98 20:24:39
13 ah14030598184108 03-05-98 18:41:08
14 ah14030598201932 03-05-98 20:19:32
101 ah14030698200829 03-06-98 20:08:29
102 ah14030698215131 03-06-98 21:51:31
103 ah14030798195743 03-07-98 19:57:43
104 ah14030798214005 03-07-98 21:40:05
105 ah14030898194642 03-08-98 19:46:42
106 ah14030898212824 03-08-98 21:28:24
107 ah14030998193247 03-09-98 19:32:47
108 ah14030998211658 03-09-98 21:16:58
109 ah14031098192458 03-10-98 19:24:58
110 ah14031098210534 03-10-98 21:05:34
111 ah14031198191415 03-11-98 19:14:15
112 ah14031198205426 03-11-98 20:54:26
113 ah14031298190349 03-12-98 19:03:49
114 ah14031298204304 03-12-98 20:43:04
6 1 ah14031398185308 03-13-98 18:53:08
2 ah14031398203158 03-13-98 20:31:58
3 ah14031498184231 03-14-98 18:42:31
4 ah14031498202055 03-14-98 20:20:55
5 ah14031598183208 03-15-98 18:32:08
6 ah14031598200558 03-15-98 20:05:58
7 ah14031598215255 03-15-98 21:52:55
8 ah14031698182147 03-16-98 18:21:47
9 ah14031698195601 03-16-98 19:56:01
10 ah14031698214127 03-16-98 21:41:27
11 ah14031798181127 03-17-98 18:11:27
12 ah14031798194803 03-17-98 19:48:03
13 ah14031798212946 03-17-98 21:29:46
14 ah14031898193718 03-18-98 19:37:18
15 ah14031898211820 03-18-98 21:18:20
16 ah14031998192619 03-19-98 19:26:19
17 ah14031998210656 03-19-98 21:06:56
101 ah14032098191537 03-20-98 19:15:37
102 ah14032098205548 03-20-98 20:55:48
103 ah14032198190454 03-21-98 19:04:54
104 ah14032198204425 03-21-98 20:44:25
105 ah14032298185429 03-22-98 18:54:29
106 ah14032298203319 03-22-98 20:33:19
107 ah14032398184349 03-23-98 18:43:49
108 ah14032398202214 03-23-98 20:22:14
109 ah14032498183327 03-24-98 18:33:27
110 ah14032498201111 03-24-98 20:11:11
111 ah14032498215414 03-24-98 21:54:14
112 ah14032598182305 03-25-98 18:23:05
113 ah14032598200008 03-25-98 20:00:08
114 ah14032598214246 03-25-98 21:42:46
115 ah14032698194921 03-26-98 19:49:21
116 ah14032698213104 03-26-98 21:31:04
7 1 ah14032798193836 03-27-98 19:38:36
2 ah14032798211939 03-27-98 21:19:39
3 ah14032898192737 03-28-98 19:27:37
4 ah14032898210814 03-28-98 21:08:14
5 ah14032998191654 03-29-98 19:16:54
6 ah14032998205705 03-29-98 20:57:05
7 ah14033098190612 03-30-98 19:06:12
8 ah14033098204543 03-30-98 20:45:43
9 ah14033198185546 03-31-98 18:55:46
11 ah14040198202332 04-01-98 20:23:32
12 ah14040298183443 04-02-98 18:34:43
13 ah14040298215547 04-02-98 21:55:47
101 ah14040398200125 04-03-98 20:01:25
102 ah14040498195038 04-04-98 19:50:38
103 ah14040598193952 04-05-98 19:39:52
104 ah14040598212055 04-05-98 21:20:55
105 ah14040698192853 04-06-98 19:28:53
106 ah14040698210945 04-06-98 21:09:45
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116 ah14123198214402 12-31-98 21:44:02

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